RS-Dseg: semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images based on a diffusion model component with unsupervised pretraining.

Semantic segmentation plays a crucial role in interpreting remote sensing images, especially in high-resolution scenarios where finer object details, complex spatial information and texture structures exist. To address the challenge of better extracting semantic information and ad-dressing class imbalance in multiclass segmentation, we propose utilizing diffusion models for remote sensing image semantic segmentation, along with a lightweight classification module based on a spatial-channel attention mechanism. Our approach incorporates unsupervised pretrained components with a classification module to accelerate model convergence.

α-Ketoglutarate plays an inflammatory inhibitory role by regulating scavenger receptor class a expression through N6-methyladenine methylation during sepsis.

Sepsis arises from an uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by infection or stress, accompanied by alteration in cellular energy metabolism, and a strong correlation exists between these factors. Alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), an intermediate product of the TCA cycle, has the potential to modulate the inflammatory response and is considered a crucial link between energy metabolism and inflammation. The scavenger receptor (SR-A5), a significant pattern recognition receptor, assumes a vital function in anti-inflammatory reactions.

Structure Guided Discovery of Novel Pan Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitors with Improved Gram-Negative Bacterial Cell Penetration.

The use of β-lactam (BL) and β-lactamase inhibitor combination to overcome BL antibiotic resistance has been validated through clinically approved drug products. However, unmet medical needs still exist for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative (GN) bacteria expressing metallo-β-lactamases. Previously, we reported our effort to discover pan inhibitors of three main families in this class: IMP, VIM, and NDM.

miR-29a-3p promotes the regulatory role of eicosapentaenoic acid in the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in microglial cells.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress role in a series of human diseases, including major depressive disorder. However, its exact mechanism is still largely unknown. Mouse BV-2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an in vitro inflammatory cell model of depression.

Hypolipidemic effect of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaves in hyperlipidemia rats via activation of the leptin/JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Background: This study aims to explore the protective role of ethanol extract from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. leaf (COE) in hyperlipidemia via the leptin/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway.

Methods: Male Sprague‒Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8): normal-fat diet (NMD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD treated with simvastatin (SIM, 5 mg/kg/day), and HFD treated with COE (40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day).

Pyroptosis and Its Role in Cervical Cancer.

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory programmed cell death, is characterized by the caspase-mediated pore formation of plasma membranes and the release of large quantities of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, the morphological characteristics, induction mechanism and action process of pyroptosis have been gradually unraveled. As a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, cervical cancer is seriously harmful to women's health.

Rapid Evolution of a Fragment-like Molecule to Pan-Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors: Initial Leads toward Clinical Candidates.

With the emergence and rapid spreading of NDM-1 and existence of clinically relevant VIM-1 and IMP-1, discovery of pan inhibitors targeting metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) became critical in our battle against bacterial infection. Concurrent with our fragment and high-throughput screenings, we performed a knowledge-based search of known metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors (MBLIs) to identify starting points for early engagement of medicinal chemistry. A class of compounds exemplified by , discovered earlier as metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitors, was selected for virtual screening.

Antitumor Activities of Interleukin-12 in Melanoma.

Melanoma is the most common and serious malignant tumor among skin cancers. Although more and more studies have revolutionized the systematic treatment of advanced melanoma in recent years, access to innovative drugs for melanoma is still greatly restricted in many countries. IL-12 produced mainly by antigen-presenting cells regulates the immune response and affects the differentiation of T cells in the process of antigen presentation.

TcpC Inhibits M1 but Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization via Regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB and Akt/STAT6 Pathways in Urinary Tract Infection.

TcpC is a multifunctional virulence factor of Uropathogenic (UPEC). Macrophages can differentiate into two different subsets M1 and M2 that play distinct roles in anti-infection immunity. Here, we investigate the influence of TcpC on M1/M2 polarization and the potential mechanisms.

Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Antioxidant Activities between Sweet and Sour Wampee () Fruits.

As a local medicine and food, wampee fruit, with abundant bioactive compounds, is loved by local residents in Southern China. Titratable acid (TA), total sugar (TS), and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected, and phytochemical profiles and cellular antioxidant activities were analyzed by the HPLC and CAA (cellular antioxidant activity) assay in five sweet wampee varieties and five sour wampee varieties. Results showed that the average TS/TA ratio of sweet wampee varieties was 29 times higher than sour wampee varieties, while TA content was 19 times lower than sour wampee varieties.

Protective effect of berberine against LPS-induced endothelial cell injury via the JNK signaling pathway and autophagic mechanisms.

The role of autophagic mechanisms in the protective effect of berberine (BBR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury in the endothelial cells human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) was investigated. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were detected by the CCK-8 assay, the EdU kit, and flow cytometry, respectively, and autophagy-related protein expression, the number of autophagic vacuoles, and LC3 double-fluorescence were examined using western blot analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy, respectively. LPS resulted in a decrease in the cell viability and proliferation of HUVECs and HPMECs and an increase in the number of apoptotic cells, while BBR treatment resulted in an increase in cell viability and proliferation, as well as a decrease in cell apoptosis.

E3 ligase Nedd4l promotes antiviral innate immunity by catalyzing K29-linked cysteine ubiquitination of TRAF3.

Ubiquitination is one of the most prevalent protein posttranslational modifications. Here, we show that E3 ligase Nedd4l positively regulates antiviral immunity by catalyzing K29-linked cysteine ubiquitination of TRAF3. Deficiency of Nedd4l significantly impairs type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by virus infection both in vitro and in vivo.

Effects of stem cells on non-ischemic cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background Aims: To assess the impacts of stem cell therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM). The effect of stem cell therapy on prognosis is unclear and controversial.

Methods: The authors performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with NICM on a composite outcome of all-cause mortality and heart transplantation, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) distance and serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, considering studies published before March 19, 2020.

BB-12 Attenuates Macrophage Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization.

Immunosenescence comprises a set of dynamic changes occurring in innate and adaptive immune systems, and macrophage aging plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunosenescence. However, function and polarization changes in aging macrophages have not been fully evaluated, and no effective method for delaying macrophage senescence is currently available. The results of this study reveal that D-galactose (D-gal) can promote J774A.

Serendipitous discovery of aryl boronic acids as β-lactamase inhibitors.

High throughput screening for β-lactamase inhibitors afforded biphenyl hits such as 1. Hit confirmation and X-ray soaking experiments with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa AmpC enzyme led to the identification of an aryl boronic acid-serine complex 4, which was formed from phenyl boronic acid 8 (an impurity in compound 1) and ethylene glycol (the cryoprotectant in the soaking experiment).

Multifunctional oligomer immobilized on quartz crystal microbalance: a facile and stabilized molecular imprinting strategy for glycoprotein detection.

Glycoprotein detection holds great potential for early diagnosis of diverse diseases. For this purpose, the combination of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor and molecular imprinting has attracted increasing attention. Nonetheless, the recently common imprinted films fabricated on QCM electrode are thick and rigid, lacking flexibility in aqueous phase.

Zinc Coordinated Cationic Polymers Break Up the Paradox between Low Molecular Weight and High Transfection Efficacy.

Cationic polymers have emerged as appealing nonviral gene vectors for decades, which, however, suffer from the paradox between low molecular weight and high transfection efficacy. Low molecular weight cationic polymers (LCPs) are well cell tolerated but are perplexed by orders-of-magnitude less efficacy compared to their macromolecular counterparts. The deficiency mainly lies in weak DNA binding of polymers and difficulty in endosomal escape of formulated polyplexes.