Differential intranuclear organization of transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3.

Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed mammalian transcription factors that activate or repress the expression of a variety of genes and are thought to compete for the same DNA binding site. We used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and image deconvolution to show that Sp1 and Sp3 are organized into distinct nonoverlapping domains in human breast and ovarian cells. Domains of Sp1 and Sp3 infrequently associate with sites of transcription.

[Determination of trace silver by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using chitosan enriching method].

A method for the determination of trace silver by flame atomic absorption spectrometry using chitosan enriching method has been investigated. The conditions that influence the adsorption of silver by chitosan were studied. The optimal flow rate of the sample solution was 1 mL x min(-1), and the optimal sorption (96.

Estrogen regulation of trefoil factor 1 expression by estrogen receptor alpha and Sp proteins.

Estrogen-responsive genes in human breast cancer cells often have an estrogen response element (ERE) positioned next to an Sp1 binding site. In chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we investigated the binding of estrogen receptor alpha (ER), Sp1, and Sp3 to the episomal and native estrogen-responsive trefoil factor 1 (TFF1; formerly pS2) promoter in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mutation of the Sp site upstream of the ERE reduced estrogen responsiveness and prevented binding of Sp1 and Sp3, but not ER to the episomal promoter.

Carbon dioxide-expanded liquid substrate phase: an effective medium for selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol.

It has been shown that CO(2)-expanded cinnamaldehyde liquid phase is a unique and effective medium for cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation to cinnamyl alcohol, due to interactions between the C[double bond, length as m-dash]O group of the substrate and CO(2) molecules and increased solubility of H(2).

Gene regulation by Sp1 and Sp3.

The Sp family of transcription factors is united by a particular combination of three conserved Cys2His2 zinc fingers that form the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. Within the Sp family of transcription factors, Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. They can bind and act through GC boxes to regulate gene expression of multiple target genes.

[Sentinel lymph nodes detection in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy].

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection in patients with cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy.

Methods: Twenty patients with cervical cancer at stage Ib (n = 3), stage IIa (n = 12) and stage IIb (n = 5) underwent SLNs detection by using blue dye. Four ml of methylene blue or lymphazurin was injected into the cervix at 4 points around the tumor at the time of radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy.

Design and SAR of thienopyrimidine and thienopyridine inhibitors of VEGFR-2 kinase activity.

Novel classes of thienopyrimidines and thienopyridines have been identified as potent inhibitors of VEGFR-2 kinase. The synthesis and SAR of these compounds is presented, along with successful efforts to diminish EGFR activity present in the lead series.

Prevention of organ allograft rejection by a specific Janus kinase 3 inhibitor.

Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation: a tool for studying histone acetylation and transcription factor binding.

The function of a protein in gene expression can often be explained, in part, by the location of that protein along a specific gene sequence. In recent years, the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay has been developed to study the association of proteins located within 2 A of DNA such as transcription factors and modified histones. Numerous important findings have been published using the ChIP assay and many questions about transcription have been answered.

Measurement of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase activities and kinetics of histone acetylation.

Dynamic histone acetylation has a role in chromatin remodeling and in the regulation of transcription. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) catalyze reversible histone acetylation. HATs and HDACs exist as multiprotein complexes that have coactivator and corepressor activities, respectively.

[Internal Ribosomal Entry Site-Mediated Expression of Human Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene in Human CD34(+) Cells].

In order to reach the purpose of co-transferring double drug resistance genes into human CD34(+) progenitor cells to broaden the spectrum of drug resistance, the expression efficiency of human multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) gene mediated by the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) was investigated. Two retroviral vectors were transferred into packaging cells. One is pSF-DIM containing double drug resistance genes, in which the translation of MDR1 gene was controlled under an IRES from encephalomyocarditis virus.

Hydride generation for the direct determination of trace and ultra-trace level of arsenic and antimony in waters using derivative atomic absorption spectrometry.

A new method is developed for the direct determination of trace and ultra-trace level of arsenic and antimony in waters by hydride generation derivative atomic absorption spectrometry (DHGAAS). The signal model and fundamentals of DHGAAS are described. The effects of atomization temperature, argon flow rate, acidity and concentration of KBH(4)and KI were investigated and analytical conditions were optimized.

The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2.

Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed mammalian transcription factors that function as activators or repressors. Although both transcription factors share a common domain involved in forming multimers, we demonstrate that Sp1 and Sp3 form separate complexes in estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells. Sp1 and Sp3 complexes associate with histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1 and 2.

Isolation of transcriptionally active chromatin from human breast cancer cells using Sulfolink coupling gel chromatography.

The process of transcription unfolds the nucleosome. The unfolded nucleosome structure will be maintained as long as the histones are in a highly acetylated state. Typically the cysteine residue at position 110 of histone H3 is buried in the interior of the nucleosome.