The complete chloroplast genomes and comparative study of the two tung trees of Vernicia (Euphorbiaceae).

Background: Vernicia montana and V. fordii are economically important woody oil species in the Euphorbiaceae that have great industrial oil and ornamental greening properties, however, the wild resources of Vernicia trees have been reduced because of their habitat destruction. Considering the diverse economic and ecological importance of Vernicia species, it is important to collect more molecular data to determine the genetic differences between V.

Arketamine alleviates cognitive impairments and demyelination in mice with postoperative cognitive dysfunction via TGF-β1 activation.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive abilities, following surgery, with no effective therapeutic drugs currently available. Arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has shown promise in mitigating cognitive deficits in animal models. In this study, we investigated whether arketamine could ameliorate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of POCD, with a focus on the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in its effects.

Heightened cholesterol 25-hydroxylase expression in aged lung during .

Introduction: Alveolar macrophages (AM) are critical effectors of the immune response and are essential for host responses to . Changes in lipid metabolism in AM can alter cellular function and biology. Impaired metabolism can contribute to excessive lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory signaling.

Application of a novel gastro-laryngeal mask in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery: A pilot randomized clinical trial.

Background: The Gastro-Laryngeal Mask (Jcerity Endoscoper Airway) is a new airway management technique utilized in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy surgery under general anesthesia, but evidence of its effectiveness and safety is scarce.

Objective: To assess the success rate of insertion, cardiovascular response, airway pressure, time taken for placement, nausea or vomiting, pharyngodynia, and other complications of using the new type of back-open gastroscopy laryngeal mask.

Methods: We screened 1401 patients; 105 were ineligible, and 40 declined to participate.

Knowledge mapping and emerging trends in cognitive impairment associated with chronic pain: A 2000-2024 bibliometric study.

Chronic pain is commonly recognized as a distressing symptom or a standalone disease, with over half of those affected experiencing cognitive impairment, which significantly impacts their quality of life. Despite a recent surge in literature on cognitive impairment associated with chronic pain, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis in this field has yet to be conducted. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis on this topic.

STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurologic complication in septic patients with poor prognoses. There is increasing evidence that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, whether sepsis associated with STING changes contributes to cognitive impairment is unknown.

Associations between oral frailty, oral microbiota composition, and postoperative delirium in older adult patients.

Background: Poor oral health, prevalent among the older adults, can undermine overall health and contribute to frailty. Older adults experiencing oral frailty and dysbiosis potentially face an elevated risk of postoperative delirium. This study aims to explore the influence of oral frailty and changes in oral microbiota composition on occurrence of postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Donkey Milk Supplementation Alleviates Renal Fibrosis of Chronic Kidney Disease by Enhancing Anti-inflammatory Ability.

Donkey milk, rich in essential nutrients, not only can meet the nutritional needs of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) accodding to the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) Clinical Practice Guideline for Nutrition in CKD, but also has strong anti-inflammatory ability. Inflammation is the main driving force of renal fibrosis, directly determining the renal function of CKD. However, the impact of donkey milk on CKD and the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Influence of Copper Valence in CuO/TiO Catalysts on the Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Photocatalytic Reduction Products.

The Cu cocatalyst supported on the surface of TiO photocatalysts has demonstrated unique activity and selectivity in photocatalytic CO reduction. The valence state of copper significantly influences the catalytic process; however, due to the inherent instability of copper's valence states, the precise role of different valence states in CO reduction remains inadequately understood. In this study, CuO/TiO catalysts were synthesized using an in situ growth reduction method, and we investigated the impact of various valence copper species on CO photocatalytic reduction.

Cellular MSI-H score: a robust predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response and survival in gastrointestinal cancer.

Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) is a critical biomarker for immunotherapy, yet primary resistance remains a significant challenge. Current MSI-H detection methods evaluate the proportion of MSI-H loci, termed molecular MSI-H score, which can be affected by intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). To address this limitation, we propose evaluating MSI-H at the cellular level to improve the prediction of immunotherapy outcomes.

Pyroptosis was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone through Lin28b-mediated let-7d in vascular endothelial cells.

20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), a natural polyhydroxylated steroid, has exhibited anti-inflammatory effects across various diseases. This study investigates the potential connection between 20E's anti-inflammatory properties and the RNA-binding protein Lin28b, which is notably upregulated in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells. Herein, we discovered that 20E can selectively downregulate Lin28b expression without affecting its paralog Lin28a.

Catalpol improved energy metabolism and inflammation through the SIRT5-mediated signaling pathway to ameliorate myocardial injury.

Background And Purpose: Catalpol (CAT) has diverse pharmacological functions, including cellular homeostasis maintenance and anti-inflammatory effects. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) plays a considerable role in regulating cellular homeostasis in cardiac diseases. Our research explores the therapeutic potential of CAT against myocardial injury and its underlying mechanism.

Effects of surface oxygen vacancy on CO adsorption and its activation towards CH using metal (Cu, Pd, CuPd) cluster-loaded TiO catalysts: a first principles study.

The conversion of the highly selective CO reduction reaction (CORR) into desired value-added multicarbon compounds, like CH, is crucial, but it is mainly constrained by the high energy barrier for C-C coupling and the multi-electron transfer process. Herein, M/TiO and M/TiO-V (M = Cu, Pd, CuPd, and V refers to the surface oxygen vacancy) catalysts were designed to study the CORR towards CH by using density functional theory (DFT). We found that the surface oxygen vacancy enhances the adsorption ability of studied catalysts.

Oxidative Stress-mediated Loss of Hippocampal Parvalbumin Interneurons Contributes to Memory Precision Decline After Acute Sleep Deprivation.

Sleep is pivotal to memory consolidation, and sleep deprivation (SD) after learning can impede this process, leading to memory disorders. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of acute sleep deprivation (ASD) on memory disorders and the underlying mechanisms. ASD model was induced by subjecting the mice to 6 h of SD following fear conditioning training.

Case report: Recurring potassium channel complex autoimmunity-related neuropathic pain.

Voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex autoimmunity associated with nerve hyperexcitability is an uncommon clinical spectrum. It is mostly characterized by limbic encephalitis, continuous neuromyotonia, and dysautonomia. Pain, however, has rarely been reported as the first symptom.

Innovative Materials for High-Performance Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review.

With the rapid development of lead-based perovskite solar cells, tin-based perovskite solar cells are emerging as a non-toxic alternative. Material engineering has been an effective approach for the fabrication of efficient perovskite solar cells. This paper summarizes the novel materials used in tin-based perovskite solar cells over the past few years and analyzes the roles of various materials in tin-based devices.

Transforming growth factor-β1 mediates the beneficial effects of arketamine on demyelination and remyelination in the brains of cuprizone-treated mice.

The novel antidepressant arketamine, the (R)-enantiomer of ketamine, has been shown to ameliorate demyelination and facilitate remyelination in the brains of cuprizone (CPZ)-treated mice. However, the mechanisms behind its effects remain unclear. Given the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in arketamine's antidepressant-like effects, we examined whether TGF-β1 also plays a role in arketamine's effects on demyelination and remyelination in CPZ-treated mice.

Durable Organic Coating-Free Superhydrophobic Metal Surface by Paracrystalline State Formation.

The chemical instability of traditional organically-decorated superhydrophobic metal surfaces is a significant issue, severely limiting practical applications. This is due to the susceptibility of low surface energy coatings to ion permeation, decomposition, and exfoliation, especially in harsh environments. Here, organic coating-free, durable superhydrophobic surfaces on Al alloys by developing the paracrystalline state of a bionic anthill tribe structure is successfully achieved, using femtosecond laser element-doping microstructuring followed by repetitive annealing processes.

Suppressing Se Vacancies in SbSe Photocathode by In Situ Annealing with Moderate Se Vapor Pressure for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

SbSe emerges as a promising material for solar energy conversion devices. Unfortunately, the common deep-level defect V (selenium vacancy) in SbSe results in a low solar conversion efficiency. The post selenization process has been widely adopted for suppressing V.