Removal of a parotid foreign body by endoscopic surgery-a case report.

Backgrounds: Parotid foreign bodies are not common. The majority of cases are caused by trauma. The clinical presentation, symptoms, and duration of discomfort vary among patients and may be challenging to treat.

Application of CT and MRI images based on artificial intelligence to predict lymph node metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma: a subgroup meta-analysis.

Background: The performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in the prediction of lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been quantitatively evaluated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the diagnostic performance of CT and MRI based on AI algorithms for predicting LN metastases in patients with OSCC.

Methods: We searched the Embase, PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases for studies on the use of AI in predicting LN metastasis in OSCC.

A case report of ectopic thyroid adenoma resection by transaxillary non-inflatable endoscopic surgery.

Introduction And Importance: The ectopic thyroid gland is a rare disease in which abnormal migration of the embryonic thyroid germ is thought to be the basis for the formation of the ectopic thyroid gland.

Case Presentation: A 37 year old female sought medical attention due to feeling a sensation of swallowing foreign objects, without any other positive symptoms such as pain or difficulty breathing. Preoperative examination revealed a nodule in the left lobe of the thyroid gland and a nodule behind the left lobe.

The role and mechanism of NADPH oxidase in the development and progression of thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid cancer is the fastest increasing cancer in both men and women and is the most common endocrine cancer. Researchers have gradually intensified their research on the mechanism of thyroid cancer development. Within this realm, Oxidative stress is often believed to play a causal and contributory role in thyroid cancer development.

Construction of a system for head and neck tumor traceless resection with non-inflatable transaxillary total endoscopic surgery.

Radical cure and functional preservation of tumors are the fundamental goals of surgical treatment of head and neck tumors, and the preservation of good aesthetics is a higher pursuit on this basis. Fully hiding the surgical incision and reducing the visibility of scars are important goals of cosmetic surgery. Using complete endoscopy for the head and neck is an effective method.

Targeting NOX4 disrupts the resistance of papillary thyroid carcinoma to chemotherapeutic drugs and lenvatinib.

Advanced differentiated thyroid cancer cells are subjected to extreme nutritional starvation which contributes to develop resistance to treatments; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cells were subjected to serum deprivation by culture in medium containing 0.5% fetal bovine serum.

[Application value of CTA combined with digital technology in the design of anterolateral thigh flap in repairing operative defect of head, neck and maxillofacial tumor resection].

To explore the value of computed tomography angiography （CTA） combined with digital technology in the vascular anatomy of the anterior thigh flap in patients with operative defects after head, neck and maxillofacial tumor operation, and in the design of preoperative and intraoperative flaps. Twenty-five cases of patients with postoperative defect after head, neck and maxillofacial tumor surgery admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to April 2019 were selected. Preoperative CTA and digital technology were used to clarify vascular anatomy and other related conditions, and the operation was carried out.

Gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy for unilateral low-risk thyroid cancer: Li's six-step method.

The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in gasless transaxillary endoscopic thyroidectomy (GTET) for thyroid cancer, which has become a reliable procedure with good therapeutic effectiveness, aesthetic benefits, and safety. This procedure has been widely promoted in some Asian countries; however, few studies have described the specific surgical steps for unilateral low-risk thyroid cancer. Based on a review of the literature and our own clinical experience, we introduce in detail the surgical procedure of GTET for the unilateral low-risk thyroid cancer, briefly summarized into Li's 6 steps: surgical position and incision design; creation of surgical cavities; dissection of the superior pole of the thyroid and its vessels, and identification and protection of superior laryngeal nerve; identification and protection of the superior parathyroid gland, and identification of the inferior parathyroid gland; identification and protection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior parathyroid gland, and central neck dissection; and processing of the suspensory ligaments of thyroid gland and resection of the tumor.

Relationship between the extent of central node dissection and parathyroid function preservation in thyroid cancer surgery.

Background: The risk and effect of hypocalcemia following surgery of different magnitudes remains unclear. Thus, we assessed whether different extents of central lymph node dissection (CLND) and status of preserved parathyroid glands can influence parathyroid function in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients with initial surgical resection.

Methods: Participants were categorized into 6 groups based on the extent of the surgical procedures, number of parathyroid glands preserved , and parathyroid autotransplantation.

Surgery for retrosternal goiter: cervical approach.

Background: Retrosternal goiter refers to when the thyroid gland extends from the neck to the substernal portion, descending below the thoracic inlet into the mediastinum. It is typically accompanied by compressive symptoms, and most patients need to undergo surgery. This retrospective study set out to analyze the surgical approach to retrosternal goiter and to evaluate perioperative complications, with the aim of recommending best surgical technique.

An algorithm for one-stage malignant oncologic scalp reconstruction.

Background: Scalp reconstruction has always been a challenging problem after oncological resection. Advanced surgical techniques can reconstruct any defects, but there are a large number of patients who cannot benefit from surgery for immature strategies. The authors here describe an algorithm for selecting the best reconstructive categories and minimizing complications according to the surgical defect of scalp tumors.

Resection of Second, Third, and Fourth Branchial Cleft Anomalies with Recurrent or Repeated Neck Infection Using the Selective Neck Dissection Technique.

Purpose: To explore the applied value of the selective neck dissection to treat second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections.

Method: We made a retrospective study about 29 patients with the second, third, and fourth branchial cleft anomalies with recurrent or repeated neck infections who were treated by surgery from 2002 to 2018 in Sichuan Province Cancer Hospital. According to the characteristics of branchial cleft anomaly on embryology and anatomy, different types of selective neck dissection were chosen to remove pathological scar tissue or inflammatory tissue en bloc.

NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a glycolytic regulator through mROS-HIF1α axis in thyroid carcinomas.

The function of the NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) family member NOX4 is to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, the molecular function of NOX4 has not been fully studied and waiting to be clarified. To elucidate the function of endogenous Nox4 in human thyroid carcinomas, papillomatosis thyroid cancer cells were used to study the cell growth by knocking down the expression of NOX4 and knocking out its functional partner p22phox/CYBA. As a result, the increasement of mitochondrial ROS(mROS) was abolished due to both knockdown of NOX4 and p22phox knockout in hypoxia, which destabilized HIF1α decreasing glycolysis and retarded cell growth.

A novel synthetic compound exerts effective anti-tumour activity in vivo via the inhibition of tubulin polymerisation in A549 cells.

Microtubules are critical elements that are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, and thus, they have become an attractive target for many anticancer drugs. A novel synthesised compound, 12P, was identified as new microtubule inhibitor. This compound inhibits tubulin polymerisation through binding to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin.

Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder involving the central nervous system in liver transplant recipients.

Background: Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) involving the central nervous system (CNS) is a rare and serious complication associated with solid organ transplantation. We treated a case of PTLD with CNS involvement in a liver transplant recipient and reviewed the literature.

Method: The clinicopathological features of a 53-year-old man were retrospectively analyzed.