Identification of QTNs, QTN-by-environment interactions, and their candidate genes for salt tolerance related traits in soybean.

Background: Salt stress significantly reduces soybean yield. To improve salt tolerance in soybean, it is important to mine the genes associated with salt tolerance traits.

Results: Salt tolerance traits of 286 soybean accessions were measured four times between 2009 and 2015.

[The effect of low-magnitude high-frequency loading on peri-implant bone healing and implant osseointegration in Beagle dogs].

Purpose: Low-magnitude, high-frequency（LMHF） loading has been confirmed to play an important role in bone healing. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of LMHF loading applied directly to titanium dental implants on peri-implant bone healing and implant.

Methods: The mandibular premolars and molars were extracted from six male Beagle dogs.

[Role of ATP6V1H gene in bone metabolism].

Osteoporosis is one of the common clinical orthopedic diseases, which can lead to a variety of complications. There are many pathogenic factors in this disease. The latest research found that ATP6V1H is a new gene leading to the occurrence of osteoporosis, and it is likely to become a new target for the future drug treatment of osteoporosis.

Research advances in cartilage stem cells markers and induced differentiation.

Cartilage stem cells (CSCs) are cells that self-proliferate, have surface antigen expression, and have multidirectional differentiation potential in the articular cartilage. CSCs, as an ideal source of stem cells, has a good application prospect in stem cell therapy. This article reviews the CSCs markers, cartilage differentiation signaling pathway, and clinical treatment of osteoarthritis.

Effect of marker segregation distortion on high density linkage map construction and QTL mapping in Soybean (Glycine max L.).

Marker segregation distortion is a natural phenomenon. Severely distorted markers are usually excluded in the construction of linkage maps. We investigated the effect of marker segregation distortion on linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping.

An efficient multi-locus mixed model framework for the detection of small and linked QTLs in F2.

In the genetic system that regulates complex traits, metabolites, gene expression levels, RNA editing levels and DNA methylation, a series of small and linked genes exist. To date, however, little is known about how to design an efficient framework for the detection of these kinds of genes. In this article, we propose a genome-wide composite interval mapping (GCIM) in F2.

Mapping small-effect and linked quantitative trait loci for complex traits in backcross or DH populations via a multi-locus GWAS methodology.

Composite interval mapping (CIM) is the most widely-used method in linkage analysis. Its main feature is the ability to control genomic background effects via inclusion of co-factors in its genetic model. However, the result often depends on how the co-factors are selected, especially for small-effect and linked quantitative trait loci (QTL).

Improving power and accuracy of genome-wide association studies via a multi-locus mixed linear model methodology.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used in genetic dissection of complex traits. However, common methods are all based on a fixed-SNP-effect mixed linear model (MLM) and single marker analysis, such as efficient mixed model analysis (EMMA). These methods require Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, which often is too conservative when the number of markers is extremely large.

Identification of domestication-related loci associated with flowering time and seed size in soybean with the RAD-seq genotyping method.

Flowering time and seed size are traits related to domestication. However, identification of domestication-related loci/genes of controlling the traits in soybean is rarely reported. In this study, we identified a total of 48 domestication-related loci based on RAD-seq genotyping of a natural population comprising 286 accessions.

Epistatic association mapping for alkaline and salinity tolerance traits in the soybean germination stage.

Soil salinity and alkalinity are important abiotic components that frequently have critical effects on crop growth, productivity and quality. Developing soybean cultivars with high salt tolerance is recognized as an efficient way to maintain sustainable soybean production in a salt stress environment. However, the genetic mechanism of the tolerance must first be elucidated.

An efficient hierarchical generalized linear mixed model for mapping QTL of ordinal traits in crop cultivars.

Many important phenotypic traits in plants are ordinal. However, relatively little is known about the methodologies for ordinal trait association studies. In this study, we proposed a hierarchical generalized linear mixed model for mapping quantitative trait locus (QTL) of ordinal traits in crop cultivars.

Feruloylacetone as the model compound of half-curcumin: synthesis and antioxidant properties.

In order to clarify the contribution of phenolic and enolic hydroxyl group to the antioxidant capacity of feruloylacetone, a model compound of half-curcumin, 6-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-5-hexene-2,4-dione (FT), 6-(p-benzyloxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-5-hexene-2,4-dione (BMFT), 6-(m,p-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hexene-2,4-dione (DDFT), 6-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)hexane-2,4-dione (DHFT), 6-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxyphenyl)-5-hexene-2,4-diol (THFT), and ethyl 2-(p-hydroxy-m-methoxybenzylidene)-3-oxobutanoate (EOFT) were synthesized. The radical-scavenging abilities of these compounds were tested by trapping 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cationic radical (ABTS(+·)), 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and galvinoxyl radicals. The reductive capacities were screened by quenching singlet oxygen and by inhibiting the oxidation of linoleic acid.

Phenolic and enolic hydroxyl groups in curcumin: which plays the major role in scavenging radicals?

The aim of this work is to clarify the antioxidant abilities of phenolic and enolic hydroxyl groups in curcumin. 1,7-bis(4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BEC), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-diol (OHC), 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane-3,5-dione (THC), and 1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione (BDC) are synthesized to determine the antioxidant activities by using antiradical assays against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, galvinoxyl radical, and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) cation radical (ABTS*+) and by protecting DNA and erythrocyte against 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) induced oxidation. The phenolic hydroxyl is the main group for curcumin to trap DPPH, galvinoxyl, and ABTS*+ radicals.

[Effect of hydrostatic pressure on ultrastructure of synovial fibroblasts from rat temporomandibular joint].

Objective: To investigate the role of apoptosis in the remodeling of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) under pressure.

Methods: Synovial fibroblasts obtained from rat temporomandibular joint were subjected to different hydrostatic pressure for 12 h. Changes of ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscope.

[Expression of BMP/Smads in rabbit condylar cartilage during mandibular forward positioning].

Objective: To identify the relationship between the expression of BMP/Smads in condylar cartilage and condylar growth modifications in rabbits during mandibular forward positioning.

Methods: Sixty male rabbits with 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=36) and control group (n=24). The mandibles of rabbits in the experimental groups were induced to forward position by a functional appliance.

[The temporal and spatial expression of CBFalpha1 in rabbit condylar cartilage during forward mandibular positioning].

Purpose: To identify the relationship between the expression of Core binding factor alpha1 (Cbfalpha1) in condylar cartilage and condylar growth modifications in growing rabbits following forward positioning mandibles with functional appliance.

Methods: Sixty rabbits with age of 8 weeks were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=36) and control group (n=24). Rabbits in the experimental groups were induced to forward their mandibles by a functional appliance.

[The morphology of the cells in the cartilage of rabbit mandibular condyle].

Purpose: To study the tissue layers and their function of the cartilage in mandibular condyle in rabbits.

Methods: Six adult Japanese white rabbits were subjected. Their temporomandibular joints were studied by immunohistochemistry for FGFR3 and PCNA, and in situ hybridization for aggrecan and collagen II mRNA expression, as well as ultrastructure.

[Gene expression changes of cartilage matrix of condylar cartilage with anterior disc displacement].

Objective: To study the gene expression changes in extracellular matrix of condylar cartilage following disc anterior displacement of rabbit TMJ.

Methods: The right sides of 28 joints in 40 rabbits were subjected to surgical operation of disc displacement. The condylar Collagen II and Aggrecan mRNA expression were detected by in situ hybridization.

[Disc-like changes and type II collagen mRNA expression in the bilaminar zone of rabbit temporomandibular joint following disc displacement].

Objective: To study the adaptive alteration in bilaminar zone of rabbits' temporomandibular joint following disc displacement.

Methods: Twenty-six Japanese white rabbits were used in this study. Among these rabbits,6 were used as controls.