[Clinical application of modified endoscopic thyroidectomy].

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of endoscopic thyroidectomy via mammary areola approach and conventional via chest wall and breasts approach.

Methods: A total of 480 cases undergoing endoscopic thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules between September 2002 and September 2012 were reviewed, including 280 cases via the chest wall and breasts approach between September 2002 and August 2009 and 190 cases via mammary areola approach between September 2002 and September 2012. The mean operation time, the location and diameter of the puncture pore, intraoperative bleeding volume, the mean hospital stay after surgery, postoperative pain score scaled by visual analog scores (VAS) were compared between groups.

Differential effect of genetic variants of Na(+)-taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) on the uptake of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of genetic variations in organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and Na(+)/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) on the uptake of various statins having different affinities for these transporters. The functional activities and simultaneous expression of NTCP and OATP1B1 were confirmed by the uptake of taurocholate and estrone-3-sulphate as representative substrates for NTCP and OATP1B1, respectively, and by an immunofluorescence analysis. The substrate specificities of NTCP and OATP1B1 for statins and the effects of genetic variations on the uptake of rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, and atorvastatin were measured.

The effect of SLCO1B1*15 on the disposition of pravastatin and pitavastatin is substrate dependent: the contribution of transporting activity changes by SLCO1B1*15.

Objective: This study was addressed to understand the underlying mechanism of the substrate-dependent effect of genetic variation in SLCO1B1, which encodes OATP1B1 (organic anion transporting polypeptide) transporter, on the disposition of two OATP1B1 substrates, pravastatin and pitavastatin, in relation to their transport activities.

Methods: The uptake of pravastatin, pitavastatin, and fluvastatin was measured in oocytes overexpressing SLCO1B1*1a and SLCO1B1*15 to compare the alterations of in-vitro transporting activity. After 40-mg pravastatin or 4-mg pitavastatin was administered to 11 healthy volunteers with homozygous genotypes of SLCO1B1*1a/*1a and SLCO1B1*15/*15, the pharmacokinetic parameters of pravastatin and pitavastatin were compared among participants with SLCO1B1*1a/*1a and SLCO1B1*15/*15 genotypes.

Effect of silymarin supplement on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of silymarin on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in systems overexpressing OATP1B1 or BCRP transporters and in healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: The concentration-dependent transport of rosuvastatin and the inhibitory effect of silymarin were examined in vitro in OATP1B1-expressing oocytes and MDCKII-BCRP cells. For in vivo assessment, eight healthy male volunteers, divided into two groups, were randomly assigned to receive placebo or silymarin (140 mg) three times per day for 5 days.

Determination of two HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, pravastatin and pitavastatin, in plasma samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for pharmaceutical study.

We developed a method for determining pravastatin or pitavastatin, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, in plasma using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pravastatin, pitavastatin and the internal standard fluvastatin were extracted from plasma with solid-phase extraction columns and eluted with methanol. After drying the organic layer, the residue was reconstituted in mobile phase (acetonitrile:water, 90:10, v/v) and injected onto a reversed-phase C(18) column.