Chemosensory protein 22 in Riptortus pedestris is involved in the recognition of three soybean volatiles.

Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae), a common agricultural pest, is the major causative agent of "soybean staygreen." However, the interactions between chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in R. pedestris and host plant volatiles have yet to be comprehensively studied.

Identification of attractants for adult Spodoptera litura based on the interaction between odorant-binding protein 34 and host volatiles.

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play key roles in host plant location by insects, and can accordingly serve as important targets for the development of attractants. In this study, we detected the high expression of SlitOBP34 in male antennae of Spodoptera litura. Subsequently, the fluorescence competitive binding experiments displayed that the SlitOBP34 protein has binding affinity for different ligands.

Gustatory Receptor 206 Participates in the Foraging Behavior of Larvae of Polyphagous Pest .

Insect gustatory receptors (GRs) aid in the precise identification of deterrent or stimulant compounds associated with food, mating, and egg-laying. Thus, they are promising targets for developing efficient insecticides. Here, 61 GRs in the chemosensory organs of larvae and adults were identified.

Binding properties of chemosensory protein 12 in Riptortus pedestris to aggregation pheromone (E)-2-hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate.

Riptortus pedestris (bean bug), a common soybean pest, has a highly developed olfactory system to find hosts for feeding and oviposition. Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) have been identified in many insect species; however, their functions in R. pedestris remain unknown.

RNAi-mediated silencing of SlitPer disrupts sex pheromone communication behavior in Spodoptera litura.

Background: The 24-h circadian rhythm is considered crucial for insect sexual communication. However, its molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, particularly the roles of the clock gene period (Per), remain largely unclear. The sex pheromone communication behavior of Spodoptera litura displays typical circadian rhythm characteristics.

Chemosensory Protein 2 of Male Is Involved in the Perception of Sex Pheromones and Maize Volatiles.

In moths, the interactions between chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and sex pheromones have yet to be comprehensively investigated. Here, we examined the function of AlepCSP2 in male based on protein expression, molecular docking, site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence competitive binding analyses, and RNA interference (RNAi) experiments. We found that AlepCSP2 showed strong binding affinity for two sex pheromones and five maize volatiles and that binding was optimal under neutral conditions.

Two Odorant-Binding Proteins Involved in the Recognition of Sex Pheromones in Larvae.

Usually, the recognition of sex pheromone signals is restricted to adult moths. Here, our behavioral assay showed that fourth-instar larvae are attracted to cabbage laced with minor sex pheromones Z9,E12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z9,E12-14:Ac) or Z9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac). Seven odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) were upregulated after exposure to Z9,E12-14:Ac, and one OBP was upregulated after exposure to Z9-14:Ac.

Isolation, structure identification and hepatoprotective activity of a polysaccharide from Sabia parviflora.

The extraction, purification, structure and hepatoprotective activity of a homogenous polysaccharide (SPS60) from Sabia parviflora were investigated. SPS60 was screened after purification with Sephadex G-100 and showed the excellent hepatoprotective activity. Its structural characteristics were investigated by Time of flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), PMP Pre-column derivatization-HPLC (PMP-HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Application of Finite Element Analysis in Modeling of Bionic Harrowing Discs.

Ansys software was used to carry out three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) for biomimetic design of harrowing discs based on the body surface morphology of soil burrowing animals like dung beetle () which have non-smooth units such as convex domes and concave dips. The main objective was to find out the effects of different biomimetic surface designs on reducing soil resistance hence the horizontal force acting on the harrowing disc during soil deformation was determined. In this FEA, soil deformation was based on the Drucker-Prager elastic-perfectly plastic model which was applied only at the lowest disc harrowing speed of 4.

Efficient and practical synthesis of enantioenriched 2,3-dihydropyrroles through gold-catalyzed anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of chiral homopropargyl sulfonamides.

A direct gold-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cycloisomerization of chiral homopropargyl sulfonamides has been developed. A range of enantioenriched 2,3-dihydropyrroles are readily accessed by utilizing this approach. Importantly, this gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction proceeds through an anti-Markovnikov addition by using a catalytic base as the additive, which completely suppresses the undesired dimerization.

Practical, modular, and general synthesis of 3-coumaranones through gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation strategy.

A gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation for the preparation of 3-coumaranones has been developed. Using 8-isopropylquinoline N-oxides as oxidants, the reactions of o-ethynylanisoles afford versatile 3-coumaranones in moderate to good isolated yields. The synthetic utility of this chemistry is also indicated by the synthesis of the natural product sulfuretin.

[Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor small interfering RNA (siRNA) on retinal microvascular endothelial cells under hypoxia condition in vitro].

Objective: To explore VEGF siRNA's effect on the immature fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro.

Method: The fresh retinal micrangium was primarily cultured to obtain microvascular endothelial cells. CoCl2 was used to simulate oxygen-deficient conditions.

[Effect of time limited form deprivation on the development of myopia in guinea pigs].

Objective: To investigate the effect of time limited form deprivation on the development of form-deprived-myopia (FDM) in guinea pigs.

Methods: Four-week-old guinea pigs (n = 20) were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was used as normal control without any treatment.