[Limited sampling strategy to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered metformin hydrochloride].

The present study was to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters of metformin hydrochloride in 20 Chinese healthy volunteers with a limited sampling strategy (LSS), which will provide scientific data for bioequivalence and clinical application. A single dose of metformin was administrated to 20 healthy volunteers. The concentration of metformin in whole blood was determined by validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method.

Noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning in rats increases antioxidant activities in cerebral tissue during severe ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: To study the protection offered by noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning (NDLIP) against cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.

Materials And Methods: Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The delayed protection offered by NDLIP was estimated in light of changes in the neural behavior marker and cerebral tissue antioxidative ability.

Non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.

This study was to explore whether repeated non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning (NLIP) can confer an equivalent cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in acute diabetic rats to the extent of conventional myocardial ischemic pre-conditioning (MIP) and whether or not the delayed protection of NLIP is mediated by reducing myocardial oxidative stress after ischemia-reperfusion. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were randomized to four groups: Sham group, the I/R group, the MIP group and the NLIP group. Compared with the I/R group, both the NLIP and MIP groups showed an amelioration of ventricular arrhythmia, reduced myocardial infarct size, increased activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD), manganese-SOD and glutathione peroxidase, increased expression of manganese-SOD mRNA and decreased xanthine oxidase activity and malondialdehyde concentration (All p < 0.

Limited sampling strategy in rats to predict the inhibited activities of hepatic CYP3A.

The present study was undertaken in order to evaluate feasibility of a limited sampling strategy (LSS) to predict the systemic clearance of midazolam (MDZ), which is a hepatic CYP3A activity phenotyping probe. Groups of rats pretreated with or without serial doses of ketoconazole, which is a selective inhibitor on CYP3A, were used as training set. Linear regression analysis and a Jack-knife validation procedure were performed based on plasma MDZ concentrations at specific time points after sublingual vein injection of MDZ to establish the most informative LSS equations for accurately estimating the clearance of MDZ.

[A limited sampling strategy of phenotyping probe midazolam to predict inhibited activities of hepatic CYP3A in rats].

The present study was to evaluate feasibility of a limited sampling strategy (LSS) in the prediction of inhibited hepatic CYP3A activity with systemic clearance of midazolam (MDZ), a hepatic CYP3A activity phenotyping probe. Rats were pretreated with a serial doses of ketoconazole, a selective inhibitor on CYP3A. Blood samples were collected and detected for MDZ at specified time points after intravenous injection of MDZ.

[Effects of noninvasive limb ischemic preconditioning on anti-stress ability in mice].

Aim: To explore the effects of noninvasive limb ischemic preconditioning on the anti-stress ability in mice.

Methods: Mice were divided into: normal group, control group, preconditioning group and drug group. Hypoxia tolerance test, swimming with weight loading, cold tolerance test and thermostable test were performed, and tolerance time in all the stringent state were observed.