Structure-Induced Energetic Coordination Compounds as Additives for Laser Initiation Primary Explosives.

Laser ignition of primary explosives presents more reliable alternative to traditional electrical initiation methods. However, the commercial initiator lead azide (LA) requires a high-power density laser to detonate, with the minimum laser initiation energy (E) of 2402 mJ. Currently, the laser-ignitable metal complex-based igniters still suffer from weak detonation capabilities and high E values.

Refinement of sensitive azides generated azole-based metal-organic frameworks towards stable energetic materials.

Energetic materials (EMs) have been widely employed in both military and civilian areas for nearly two centuries. The introduction of high-energy azide anions to assemble energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs) is an efficient strategy to enhance energetic properties. However, azido-based EMOFs always suffer low stabilities to external mechanical stimulation.

Coordination polymerization of nitrogen-rich linkers and dicyanamide anions toward energetic coordination polymers with low sensitivities.

The design and synthesis of energetic materials (EMs) with high energy and reliable stabilities has attracted much attention in the field of EMs. In this work, we employed a strategy of the coordination polymerization of mild dicyanamide ions (DCA), two isomeric ligands 1-methyl-5-aminotetrazole (1-MAT) and 2-methyl-5-aminotetrazole (2-MAT) to construct energetic coordination polymers (ECPs). Four new ECPs {[Co(DCA)(1-MAT)]·HO}1, [Cu(DCA)(1-MAT)]2, [Cd(DCA)(1-MAT)]3 and [Cd(DCA)(2-MAT)]4 were successfully synthesized through solvent evaporation routes.

Effects of strontium-incorporated micro/nano rough titanium surfaces on osseointegration via modulating polarization of macrophages.

Macrophages perform multiple functions in both inflammation and wound healing, and are one of the fore front cells during implant osseointegration that influence subsequent process. Essential trace element modification may effectively modulate titanium implant surface biological properties. In this work, strontium (Sr) incorporated micro/nano rough titanium surfaces (Sr-SLA) was fabricated by hydrothermal treatment, and immunoreaction of macrophages was further investigated.

Calcium-based efficient cathode-ray scintillating metal-organic frameworks constructed from π-conjugated luminescent motifs.

Efficient cathode-ray scintillating metal-organic frameworks are constructed from a π-conjugated luminescent motif and light Ca(ii) ions. The luminescence self-quenching pathway has been effectively hindered through coordination. In situ vacuum ultraviolet fluorescent spectra have shown the excitons recombining in the scintillation process for the first time.

Highly Stable Energetic Coordination Polymer Assembled with Co(II) and Tetrazole Derivatives.

A solvothermal reaction of Co(CHCOO)·4HO and 5-mercapto-1-methyl-tetrazole (Hmmtz) in methanol (MeOH) yielded a one-dimensional solvent-free energetic coordination polymer, namely, [Co(mmtz)] , which was structurally characterized. The enthalpy of formation (Δ °) of (907 kJ mol) is much larger than that of commercial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (-59 kJ mol). The impact sensitivity and the friction sensitivity are greater than 40 J and 360 N, respectively, indicating that compound exhibits a potential application as a safe explosive.

Efficient X-ray scintillating lead(ii)-based MOFs derived from rigid luminescent naphthalene motifs.

Solid-state X-ray scintillators are widely applied in medical imaging and space exploration. However, it is still a great challenge to probe into the intrinsic nature of scintillating behaviour due to the ambiguous structure-function relationship. Herein, four structure-defined X-ray scintillating Pb(ii)-based metal-organic frameworks (SMOFs) were successfully obtained under solvothermal conditions, [Pb(1,4-ndc)(DMF)] (SMOF-1), [Pb(1,4-ndc)(DMA)] (SMOF-2), [Pb(2,6-ndc)(HO)]·nDMF (SMOF-3) and [Pb(2,6-ndc)Cl] (SMOF-4), where 1,4-Hndc = 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate, 2,6-Hndc = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, and DMA = N,N-dimethylacetamide.

Efficacy of autologous conjunctival flap on repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of autologous conjunctival flap surgery for repairing the late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 106 eyes from 106 patients with late-onset filtering bleb leakage after trabeculectomy who received autologous conjunctival flap surgery at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre from 2005 to 2015. The basic information was recorded, and the interval time between trabeculectomy and autologous conjunctival flap surgery as well as related risk factors, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analysed.

A nanowire array with two types of bromoplumbate chains and high anisotropic conductance.

Crystalline nanowire arrays would create great opportunity for novel electrical application. Herein, we report a metal halide-based crystalline nanowire array, which was the first example constructed from two types of bromoplumbate anion chains. The single crystal shows high anisotropic conductivity with semiconducting transport along the c axis and an insulating feature perpendicular to the c direction.

Nitrogen-Rich Tetranuclear Metal Complex as a New Structural Motif for Energetic Materials.

For designing energetic materials (EMs), the most challenging issue is to achieve a balance between energetic performance and reliable stability. In this work, we employed an efficient and convenient method to synthesize a new class of EMs: nitrogen-rich tetranuclear metal complexes [M(Hdtim)(HO)] (M = Zn , Mn ; Hdtim = 1-imidazol-4,5-tetrazole) with the N content of >46%. The structural analyses illustrate that isomorphous compounds and feature isolated hollow ellipsoid tetranuclear units, which are linked by both π-π interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions to give a 3D supramolecular architecture.

Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Incidence of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Bai Chinese.

Purpose: The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in China has been reported previously, and was lower than that in white and black populations. However, the incidence of POAG in China has not been reported. Therefore, a longitudinal study was conducted to determine the 5-year cumulative incidence and predictors of POAG in China.

Grinding size-dependent mechanoresponsive luminescent Cd(ii) coordination polymer.

In this work, we report a new mechanoresponsive luminescent Cd(ii) coordination polymer that exhibits a sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. The luminescence colour changed gradually from weak yellowish-green to bright cyan in response to different grinding sizes, thereby showing interesting mechanochromic properties, namely a grinding-enhanced luminescence and good crystalline maintenance ability.

Prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a multi-ethnic population in rural China: the Yunnan Minority Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence, types and awareness of glaucoma in a rural community in China and to examine possible ethnic variations.

Methods: The Yunnan Minority Eye Study was a multi-ethnic community-based eye survey using random cluster sampling strategies. 2133 Bai, 2205 Han and 2208 Yi Chinese aged 50 years or older participated in this study.

Preparation and evaluation of HPMC-based pirfenidone solution in vivo.

Context: Pirfenidone (PFD) has exhibited therapeutic potential in the treatment of cell proliferative disorders. The previously developed 0.5% water-based PFD eye drops by our team exhibited antiscarring effectiveness and ocular safety but with a limit of short half-life and poor bioavailability.

Intraocular Pressure-Lowering Potential of Subthreshold Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose. To compare the efficacy of subthreshold and conventional selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in the patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods.

Human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 may act as a tumor promoter in colorectal cancer.

Aim: To assess human cytomegalovirus-encoded US28 gene function in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine US28 expression in 103 CRC patient samples and 98 corresponding adjacent noncancerous samples. Patient data were compared by age, sex, tumor location, histological grade, Dukes' stage, and overall mean survival time.

Role of licochalcone A on thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression: implications for asthma.

Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration and accumulation of memory-like Th2 cells and eosinophils. Viral infection has emerged as the most common cause of severe episodes of asthma. For the treatment of bronchial asthma, the root of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) has been used as a traditional medicine in the East and West.

[Coupling coordination measurement of urbanization and eco-environment system in Huaihe River Basin of China based on fuzzy matter element theory].

Based on the statistical data of urbanization and eco-environment of 35 cities in the Huaihe River Basin of China in 2010, an index system of urbanization-eco-environment system was established by using fuzzy matter element theory, and the weight of each indicator was calculated by entropy method. The improved function of the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment was constructed to measure this coupling coordination degree in the Huaihe River Basin. In 2010, the development level of urbanization subsystem in the Basin was lower than that of the eco-environment subsystem, and the integrated coordination index of urbanization and eco-environment was 0.

[Optimization of urban green space spatial arrangement based on supply-demand analysis: a case study in Nanjing City, China].

Urban green space has the functions of ecological and social services, and the two services levels are decided by the supply-demand relationship. However, the supply-demand of green space not only involves in quantity, but also refers to spatial distribution. Therefore, only greening indicators can not wholly reflect the true levels of green space services.

[Spatial heterogeneity and classified control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Huaihe River Basin].

Agricultural non-point source pollution is of importance in river deterioration. Thus identifying and concentrated controlling the key source-areas are the most effective approaches for non-point source pollution control. This study adopts inventory method to analysis four kinds of pollution sources and their emissions intensity of the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in 173 counties (cities, districts) in Huaihe River Basin.

[Dynamic aspects of corneal lymphatic vessels after keratoplasty in rats].

Objective: To study the development of lymphatic vessels after keratoplasty and to explore the molecular mechanisms of corneal lymphangiogenesis in transplanted corneas.

Methods: Experimental research. The development of corneal lymphangiogenesis was examined by LYVE-1 immunohistochemistry and whole mount immunofluorescence 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 30 and 60 days after corneal transplantation, then lymphatic vessels counting (LVC)was evaluated.

Non-carcinogenic risk assessment of eight metals in the source groundwater of Shaying River basin.

Because of serious pollution of river water, people living along the Shaying River in China exploit the groundwater as a drinking water resource. Various pollutants including heavy metals have been detected in the groundwater at depths up to 200 m. To perform a non-carcinogenic risk assessment, the hazard index (HI) was determined for several metals present in the groundwater.

[The relationship between corneal lymphangiogenesis and inflammation index after corneal alkali injury].

Objective: To discuss the relationship between corneal lymphangiogenesis and inflammation index (IF) in alkali burned corneas.

Methods: Experimental research. Rat corneal hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were examined by 5'-nase-alkaline phosphatase (5'-NA-ALP) double enzyme-histochemistry and whole mount immunofluorescence at 1 day, 3 days, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks after alkaline burns, and the blood vessel counting (BVC) and the lymphatic vessel counting (LVC) were recorded.

Effect of microkeratome suction duration on corneal flap thickness and diameter in pigs.

Aim: To determine the effect of suction duration on thickness and diameter of corneal flap created by microkeratome in porcine eyes in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: SIXTY PORCINE EYES WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO THREE GROUPS ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT SUCTION DURATIONS: group 1 (10 seconds), group 2 (20 seconds), and group 3 (30 seconds). A Moria M2 microkeratome (Moria, France) with a 160µm head was used to create a corneal flap.