Toxicity and detoxification of T-2 toxin in poultry.

This review summarizes the updated knowledge on the toxicity of T-2 on poultry, followed by potential strategies for detoxification of T-2 in poultry diet. The toxic effects of T-2 on poultry include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, metabolism modulation, immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, skeletal toxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc. Cytotoxicity is the primary toxicity of T-2, characterized by inhibiting protein and nucleic acid synthesis, altering the cell cycle, inducing oxidative stress, apoptosis and necrosis, which lead to damages of immune organs, liver, digestive tract, bone, kidney, etc.

[Chromosome karyotype and Y chromosome microdeletion analysis in 133 idiopathic male infertile patients].

Objective: To explore the relationship between chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in idiopathic male infertile patients.

Methods: Karyotypic analysis and PCR were carried out in 133 male idiopathic infertile patients for chromosome karyotype and Y chromosome microdeletion analysis.

Results: Of the 133 patients, 25 (18.