Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence reveal two new species of (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes).

Using chicken feathers as bait, and were collected from the soil of Yuncheng East Garden Wildlife Zoo and Zhengzhou Zoo in China. They were identified by combining the morphological characteristics and the two-locus DNA sequence (LSU and ITS) analyses. In the phylogenetic tree, both new species clustered into separate subclades, respectively.

Evaluating postnatal exposure to six heavy metals in a Chinese e-waste recycling area.

This study is the first to assess postnatal exposure to heavy metals using breast milk in an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area. From January to April 2021, 102 and 97 breastfeeding women were recruited from an e-waste recycling area and a control area, respectively. Four weeks after delivery, medical staff collected 20 mL of breast milk from each participant.

Culturable Fungi from Urban Soils in China I: Description of 10 New Taxa.

An investigation of members of the soil keratinophilic fungi community in China resulted in the identification of one new monotypic genus, , and 10 new species, 2 of which are affiliated with , 1 with the new genus , 4 with , and 3 with . These novel taxa form an independent lineage distinct from other species, based on morphological and multilocus phylogenetic analyses. Descriptions, illustrations, and notes are provided for each taxon.

Mutations of the Gene Cause ROS Accumulation and Repress Expression of Peroxidase Genes in Rice.

The () is one of the retrograde signaling genes in and its orthologs have been identified in oxygenic phototrophic organisms from cyanobacterium to higher plants. GUN4 is involved in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis and its mutation often causes chlorophyll-deficient phenotypes with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hence it has been speculated that GUN4 may also play a role in photoprotection. However, the biological mechanism leading to the increased ROS accumulation in mutants remains largely unknown.

OsKEAP1 Interacts with OsABI5 and Its Downregulation Increases the Transcription of and the ABA Response Genes in Germinating Rice Seeds.

Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is the key antioxidant system in animals. In a previous study, we identified a probable KEAP1 ortholog in rice, OsKEAP1, and demonstrated that the downregulation of could alter the redox system and impair plant growth, as well as increase the susceptibility to abscisic acid (ABA) in seed germination. However, no NRF2 orthologs have been identified in plants and the mechanism underlying the phenotype changes of downregulated mutants is yet unknown.

Identification, Characterization, and Mutational Analysis of a Probable KEAP1 Ortholog in Rice ( L.).

The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) module is a key component in the detoxification and antioxidant system in animals, which plays crucial roles in cell homeostasis and cytoprotection, and consequently in carcinogenesis and disease development. However, this system seems to have diverged throughout evolution across different organisms, and the question of whether a similar system exists in plants has thus far remained unresolved. In this study, a KEAP1 ortholog was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.

Genome mining and biosynthesis of the Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor beauveriolide I and III in Cordyceps militaris.

Ascomycete fungi Cordyceps are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and numerous investigations have been carried out to uncover their biological activities. However, primary researches on the physiological effects of Cordyceps were committed using crude extracts. At present, there are only a few compounds which were comprehensively characterized from Cordyceps, partial owing to the low production.

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice.

Target Induced Local Lesions In Genomes (TILLING) is a strategy of reverse genetics for the high-throughput screening of induced mutations. However, the TILLING system has less applicability for insertion/deletion (Indel) detection and traditional TILLING needs more complex steps, like CEL I nuclease digestion and gel electrophoresis. To improve the throughput and selection efficiency, and to make the screening of both Indels and single base substitions (SBSs) possible, a new high-resolution melting (HRM)-based TILLING system is developed.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of two new (Plectosphaerellaceae, Glomerellales) species from China.

The genus is the largest genus in the family Plectosphaerellaceae. Some species are plant pathogens, whereas others are soil-borne. Seven isolates were collected from various locations in the southwest of China.

Isolation and characterization of a new cytotoxic polyketide-amino acid hybrid from ATCC 42464.

Fungi are a rich source of novel anticancer compounds. Bioassay-guided isolation has led to the isolation of four polyketide-amino acid hybrid compounds with -fused decalin system from the fungus ATCC 42464 (= ATCC 42464): myceliothermophins A, B, E and F (-). The structure of the new compound (myceliothermophin F, compound ) was clearly determined by a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS).

Inhibitory mechanism and molecular analysis of furoic acid and oxalic acid on lipase.

Lipase hydrolyzes fat to free fatty acid and monoacylglycerol, which can be absorbed. Lipase inhibitors reduce the absorption of fat by intestinal cells. In this paper, we explored a novel treatment for obesity.

High-resolution melting-based TILLING of γ ray-induced mutations in rice.

Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) is a reverse genetics strategy for the high-throughput screening of induced mutations. γ radiation, which often induces both insertion/deletion (Indel) and point mutations, has been widely used in mutation induction and crop breeding. The present study aimed to develop a simple, high-throughput TILLING system for screening γ ray-induced mutations using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis.

Genome shuffling and high-throughput screening of Brevibacterium flavum MDV1 for enhanced L-valine production.

L-valine is an essential branched-amino acid that is widely used in multiple areas such as pharmaceuticals and special dietary products and its use is increasing. As the world market for L-valine grows rapidly, there is an increasing interest to develop an efficient L-valine-producing strain. In this study, a simple, sensitive, efficient, and consistent screening procedure termed 96 well plate-PC-HPLC (96-PH) was developed for the rapid identification of high-yield L-valine strains to replace the traditional L-valine assay.

Resistance of rice to insect pests mediated by suppression of serotonin biosynthesis.

Rice is one of the world's most important foods, but its production suffers from insect pests, causing losses of billions of dollars, and extensive use of environmentally damaging pesticides for their control. However, the molecular mechanisms of insect resistance remain elusive. Although a few resistance genes for planthopper have been cloned, no rice germplasm is resistant to stem borers.

Comparison of optical quality after implantable collamer lens implantation and wavefront-guided laser keratomileusis.

Aim: To compare the optical quality after implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) and wavefront-guided laser keratomileusis (WG-LASIK).

Methods: The study included 40 eyes of 22 patients with myopia who accepted ICL implantation and 40 eyes of 20 patients with myopia who received WG-LASIK. Before surgery and three months after surgery, the objective scattering index (OSI), the values of modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff frequency, Strehl ratio, and the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS) values (OVs) were accessed.

Enhancement of l-phenylalanine production in Escherichia coli by heterologous expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin.

l-Phenylalanine is an important amino acid that is widely used in the production of food flavors and pharmaceuticals. Generally, l-phenylalanine production by engineered Escherichia coli requires a high rate of oxygen supply. However, the coexpression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb), driven bya tac promoter, with the genes encoding 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthetase (aroF) and feedback-resistant chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase (pheA ), led to increased productivity and decreased demand for aeration by E.

The Marker Trait Is Associated with Altered Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis and Deregulated Transcription of PhANGs in Rice.

The marker trait, which is controlled by a down-regulating epi-mutation of , has been applied to the production of hybrid rice. However, the molecular basis for the ability of mutants to attain high photosynthetic capacity even with decreased chlorophyll contents has not been characterized. In the present study, we observed that the total chlorophyll content of the mutant was only 27.

Frequency and type of inheritable mutations induced by γ rays in rice as revealed by whole genome sequencing.

Mutation breeding is based on the induction of genetic variations; hence knowledge of the frequency and type of induced mutations is of paramount importance for the design and implementation of a mutation breeding program. Although γ ray irradiation has been widely used since the 1960s in the breeding of about 200 economically important plant species, molecular elucidation of its genetic effects has so far been achieved largely by analysis of target genes or genomic regions. In the present study, the whole genomes of six γ-irradiated M rice plants were sequenced; a total of 144-188 million high-quality (Q>20) reads were generated for each M plant, resulting in genome coverage of >45 times for each plant.

Genome Sequence of Schizochytrium sp. CCTCC M209059, an Effective Producer of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Lipids.

Schizochytrium is an effective species for producing omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we report a genome sequence of Schizochytrium sp. CCTCC M209059, which has a genome size of 39.

Workable male sterility systems for hybrid rice: Genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, and utilization.

The exploitation of male sterility systems has enabled the commercialization of heterosis in rice, with greatly increased yield and total production of this major staple food crop. Hybrid rice, which was adopted in the 1970s, now covers nearly 13.6 million hectares each year in China alone.

[Treatment of early and mid-term primary biliary cirrhosis by Qingying Huoxue Decoction Combined ursodeoxycholic acid: a clinical observation].

Unlabelled: OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy by Qingying Huoxue Decoction (QHD) combined ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in treating patients with early and mid-term primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). METHODS Totally 78 patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 39 in each group. All patients received basic treatment and took UDCA (at the daily dose of 13-15 mg/kg).

Expression of cytochrome P450 CYP81A6 in rice: tissue specificity, protein subcellular localization, and response to herbicide application.

The cytochrome P450 gene CYP81A6 confers tolerance to bentazon and metsulfuron-methyl, two selective herbicides widely used for weed control in rice and wheat fields. Knockout mutants of CYP81A6 are highly susceptible to both herbicides. The present study aimed to characterize the CYP81A6 expression in rice.

A down-regulated epi-allele of the genomes uncoupled 4 gene generates a xantha marker trait in rice.

A γ-ray-induced xantha trait is epigenetically controlled by the genomes uncoupled 4 gene with enhanced promoter segment methylation and down-regulated expression in rice. For easy testing and to increase varietal purity, a xantha mutation (xnt), which turns plants yellow and makes them visually distinguishable from normal green rice, has been generated and bred into male sterile lines for hybrid rice production. The xnt locus was previously fine mapped to a ~100-kb interval on chromosome 11, but its identity was unknown.