The enhanced effect of activated sludge attached to the roots of Pistia stratiotes on nutrient removal for secondary effluent.

Aquatic plants are widely used for treating wastewater treatment plant secondary effluent. During this process, some residual activated sludge in the secondary effluent is intercepted and attaches to the plant roots. However, the effect of the attached activated sludge on nutrient removal in secondary effluent has up to now been unknown.