Conditional neural field latent diffusion model for generating spatiotemporal turbulence.

Eddy-resolving turbulence simulations are essential for understanding and controlling complex unsteady fluid dynamics, with significant implications for engineering and scientific applications. Traditional numerical methods, such as direct numerical simulations (DNS) and large eddy simulations (LES), provide high accuracy but face severe computational limitations, restricting their use in high-Reynolds number or real-time scenarios. Recent advances in deep learning-based surrogate models offer a promising alternative by providing efficient, data-driven approximations.

A neural network-based algorithm for the reconstruction and filtering of single particle trajectory in magnetic particle tracking.

Magnetic particle tracking (MPT) is a recently developed non-invasive measurement technique that has gained popularity for studying dense particulate or granular flows. This method involves tracking the trajectory of a magnetically labeled particle, the field of which is modeled as a dipole. The nature of this method allows it to be used in opaque environments, which can be highly beneficial for the measurement of dense particle dynamics.

CircHIPK3 targets DRP1 to mediate hydrogen peroxide-induced necroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque formation.

Introduction: Necroptosis triggered by HO is hypothesized to be a critical factor in the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, which may precipitate acute cardiovascular events. Nevertheless, the specific regulatory molecules of this development remain unclear. We aims to elucidate a mechanism from the perspective of circular RNA.

Predicting 3D soft tissue dynamics from 2D imaging using physics informed neural networks.

Tissue dynamics play critical roles in many physiological functions and provide important metrics for clinical diagnosis. Capturing real-time high-resolution 3D images of tissue dynamics, however, remains a challenge. This study presents a hybrid physics-informed neural network algorithm that infers 3D flow-induced tissue dynamics and other physical quantities from sparse 2D images.

FOXO3a-dependent PARKIN negatively regulates cardiac hypertrophy by restoring mitophagy.

Background: Sustained cardiac hypertrophy often develops maladaptive myocardial remodeling, and eventually progresses to heart failure and sudden death. Therefore, maladaptive hypertrophy is considered as a critical therapeutic target for many heart diseases. Mitophagy, a crucial mechanism in mitochondria quality control and cellular homeostasis, has been implicated in diverse cardiac disorders such as myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.

Reducing Geometric Uncertainty in Computational Hemodynamics by Deep Learning-Assisted Parallel-Chain MCMC.

Computational hemodynamic modeling has been widely used in cardiovascular research and healthcare. However, the reliability of model predictions is largely dependent on the uncertainties of modeling parameters and boundary conditions, which should be carefully quantified and further reduced with available measurements. In this work, we focus on propagating and reducing the uncertainty of vascular geometries within a Bayesian framework.

Lactate metabolism in human health and disease.

The current understanding of lactate extends from its origins as a byproduct of glycolysis to its role in tumor metabolism, as identified by studies on the Warburg effect. The lactate shuttle hypothesis suggests that lactate plays an important role as a bridging signaling molecule that coordinates signaling among different cells, organs and tissues. Lactylation is a posttranslational modification initially reported by Professor Yingming Zhao's research group in 2019.

miR-564: A potential regulator of vascular smooth muscle cells and therapeutic target for aortic dissection.

Background: Aortic dissection (AD) is a lethal cardiac disorder and one of the most concerning cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Increasing evidence indicates that human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD, especially related to phenotypic transformation. And notablely, the development of AD is also accompanied by inflammation.

The lncRNA Punisher Regulates Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Homeostasis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Targeting miR-664a-5p and OPA1.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of various cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that a novel lncRNA termed Punisher is highly expressed in cardiovascular progenitors and has potential role in cardiovascular diseases. However, its role, especially in molecular mechanism, is unclear.

Machine Learning for Cardiovascular Biomechanics Modeling: Challenges and Beyond.

Recent progress in machine learning (ML), together with advanced computational power, have provided new research opportunities in cardiovascular modeling. While classifying patient outcomes and medical image segmentation with ML have already shown significant promising results, ML for the prediction of biomechanics such as blood flow or tissue dynamics is in its infancy. This perspective article discusses some of the challenges in using ML for replacing well-established physics-based models in cardiovascular biomechanics.

Efficacy of glucocorticoids, chloroquine and vitamin A on cytokine release syndrome: a network pharmacology study.

Objective: To verify the efficacy of glucocorticoids, chloroquine and vitamin A in the treatment of cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, based on network pharmacology.

Methods: We used network pharmacology analysis and found 20 co-targeted genes of glucocorticoids, chloroquine, vitamin A and CRS. The pharmacological functions and therapeutic pathways of the genes were analyzed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment.

The association of demodex infestation with pediatric chalazia.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association of Demodex infestation with pediatric chalazia.

Methods: In a prospective study, 446 children with chalazia and 50 children with non-inflammatory eye disease (controls) who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled from December 2018 to December 2019. Patient ages ranged from 7 months to 13 years old.

Establishing a novel lens opacities classification system based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) for pediatric cataracts: reliability and availability.

Background: This study sought to develop and validate a lens opacities classification system based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) imaging to grade pediatric cataracts.

Methods: The study was conducted at Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center. UBM images of patients at the hospital from September 2013 to November 2014 were used in this study.

A semi-analytical solution and AI-based reconstruction algorithms for magnetic particle tracking.

Magnetic particle tracking is a recently developed technology that can measure the translation and rotation of a particle in an opaque environment like a turbidity flow and fluidized-bed flow. The trajectory reconstruction usually relies on numerical optimization or filtering, which involve artificial parameters or thresholds. Existing analytical reconstruction algorithms have certain limitations and usually depend on the gradient of the magnetic field, which is not easy to measure accurately in many applications.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases during Apical Periodontitis Development.

Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are considered important mediators of the periapical immune response to infection. This study aimed to clarify the putative relationship between MMPs and TIMPs by elucidating the activity of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in the temporal development of apical periodontitis (AP) in mice.

Methods: AP was induced in the lower first molars of 30 male Kunming mice.

SurfRiver: Flattening Stream Surfaces for Comparative Visualization.

We present SurfRiver, a new visual transformation approach that flattens stream surfaces in 3D to rivers in 2D for comparative visualization. Leveraging the TextFlow-like visual metaphor, SurfRiver untangles the convoluted individual stream surfaces along the flow direction and maps them along the horizontal direction of the abstract river view. It stacks multiple surfaces along the vertical direction of the river view.

Corrigendum: MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.

Phenotypical Changes of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Sepsis Patients: Correlation With Immune Status?

Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction associated with high risk of death. The immune response of sepsis is complex and varies over time. The immune cells are derived from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) which can respond to many infections.

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Increasing reports demonstrated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been crucially involved in the development of CVDs. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel cluster of small non-coding RNAs with strong uracil bias at the 5' end and 2'-O-methylation at the 3' end that are mainly present in the mammalian reproductive system and stem cells and serve as potential modulators of developmental and pathophysiological processes.

Baicalein attenuates cardiac hypertrophy in mice via suppressing oxidative stress and activating autophagy in cardiomyocytes.

Baicalein is a natural flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis that exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of baicalein against cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by injection of isoproterenol (ISO, 30 mg·kg·d) for 15 days.

Noncoding RNAs in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (DOX), are well known for their high efficacy in treating multiple cancers, but their clinical usage is limited due to their potential to induce fatal cardiotoxicity. Such detrimental effects significantly impact the overall physical condition or even induce the morbidity and mortality of cancer survivors. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity to develop methods for the early detection of cytotoxicity and therapeutic applications.

Insights into the regulatory role of circRNA in angiogenesis and clinical implications.

Angiogenesis is the physiological process of new blood vessel formation from existing capillary vessels or posterior capillary veins. Its dysfunction could result in a number of diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer, contributing to death and disability worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel identified RNA molecules with a special covalent loop structure without a 5' cap and 3' tail, which can lead to novel back-splicing or skipping events from precursor mRNAs.

Post-translational modification of Parkin and its research progress in cancer.

Clinical practice has shown that Parkin is the major causative gene found in an autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) via Parkin mutations and that the Parkin protein is the core expression product of the Parkin gene, which itself belongs to an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Since the discovery of the Parkin gene in the late 1990s, researchers in many countries have begun extensive research on this gene and found that in addition to AR-JP, the Parkin gene is associated with many diseases, including type 2 diabetes, leprosy, Alzheimer's, autism, and cancer. Recent studies have found that the loss or dysfunction of Parkin has a certain relationship with tumorigenesis.

MicroRNA-608 Promotes Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Treated With Doxorubicin Through the Inhibition of TFAP4.

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules of ∼20-25 nucleotides in length. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a class of genetic variation in the human genome, which when present in miRNA genes are associated with the risk of developing cancer.