[Reasons for the changes in anthropogenic lead flows of China].

In recent years, accompanied by a series of comprehensive improvement actions on lead pollution, anthropogenic lead flows of China have somewhat changed; by exploring the reasons, some references can be provided for further improvement in resource utilization and environment quality. In this paper, based on the framework of lead flow analysis, the causes of changes in lead flows were identified and divided into scale factors and technical factors. Based on that and taking indices such as the quantities of lead production and recovered lead scraps, and lead recycling rate and emission rates as the scale and technical indices, respectively, the reasons for the changes of lead flow in our country were analyzed from the aspects of consumption, trade, technology, management and so on.

[Quantitative analysis on the changes in anthropogenic lead flows of China].

In recent years, a series of measures have been taken to improve the lead anthropogenic flow. Knowledge of the changes that happened to anthropogenic lead flows can not only examine the effectiveness of these measures, but also help us to understand the current status of lead flows in China, which can provide us quantitative fundamental reference for further improvement in source utilization and environment quality. In this study, the material flow analysis method based on stock and flow (STAF) was employed to analyze the current anthropogenic lead flows in 2010.

[Speciation analysis of lead losses from anthropogenic flow in China].

Lead pollutants in the environment origin from lead losses in the anthropogenic lead cycle, and the diversity of lead loss species indicates different starting points for transferring and transformation in the environmental medium. The knowledge of lead lose species from anthropogenic flow can help lay a scientific and sound foundation for future environmental risk assessment and source management. The anthropogenic lead flow was tracked down in the research, and with the methodology of physical and chemical analysis, the species of lead losses in all life-cycle stages were recognized.

[Method for grading industrial sectors in energy consumption and its application].

Energy is mainly consumed by the urban industry system, thus grading industrial sectors for their energy consumption may help to identify the concerned industrial sectors and provide necessary information for industrial energy management in China's industrialization and urbanization. In present article, based on a review of the fundamental relationships between energy consumption and industrial sectors, the contribution rates and energy efficiency of industrial sectors are chosen as typical parameters for energy consumption. The concept of distance index of industrial sectors for energy consumption is defined through China's average level as a reference base.

[Eco-efficiency of Jiaozuo industry sectors].

Jiaozuo city was taken as a representative industry city and its industry energy consumption and industry emissions such as wastewater,solid waste, SO2, dust and so on were selected as corresponding environmental loads. The contribution rate to the environmental loads and eco-efficiencies of Jiaozuo industry sectors were analyzed quantitatively. The results show that, the industry sector with the highest energy eco-efficiency is Mining and Processing of Ferrous Metal Ores (FMM), 43.

[Eco-efficiency of industry sectors for China].

Industry is the main source of resource consumption and environmental emissions of China, and the analyzing of eco-efficiencies for industrial sectors may provide essential information for the restructure of industrial system and the improvement of environmental quality of China. The industry composition was analyzed and the relationship between the industry and its environment was established. The energy consumption and the main environmental emissions such as wastewater, solid waste, industry SO2, smog, dust were chosen as the environmental impact categories, the corresponding eco-efficiencies of industry were defined and estimated for China in 2007.