Reduced DTI-ALPS index in tinnitus patients: DTI-ALPS as a mediator of sleep on tinnitus.

Background: Sleep disturbance is a common comorbidity in tinnitus patients, which may be attributed to changes in brain structure and function. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of the glymphatic system (GS), a recently discovered pathway for brain waste clearance, in tinnitus and the associated sleep disturbance.

Methods: The DTI-ALPS index of 22 tinnitus patients and 22 healthy controls (18-60 years old) were compared after controlling for age, sex, and handedness.

Bridging technique for calculating the extinction efficiency of arbitrary shaped particles.

A general bridging technique is developed to calculate the extinction efficiency of particles by combining the extended Rayleigh-Debye approximation and the modified anomalous diffraction theory. Comparisons with the exact methods are performed for spheres, spheroids, infinite cylinders, and finite cylinders. The overall features of the extinction efficiencies calculated from the new, to our knowledge, bridging method are in agreement with those calculated from the exact methods.