Polyketides with α-glucosidase inhibitory and neuroprotective activities from associated with .

, an endophytic fungus associated with the herbal medicine , produced four new polyketides, aspeversins A-D (1-2 and 5-6) and four known compounds, -methylaverufin (2), aversin (3), varilactone A (7) and spirosorbicillinol A (8). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and Mo(AcO)-induced CD data. Compound 5 was found to exhibit α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC value of 25.

In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of an active fucoidan fraction from Sargassum fusiforme and a fraction-based hydrogel.

In a previous study, we separated an active fucoidan (JHCF4) from acid-processed Sargassum fusiforme, then analyzed and confirmed its structure. In the present study, we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory properties of JHCF4 and a JHCF4-based hydrogel in vitro and in vivo. JHCF4 reliably inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.

Ergostane-type sterols and sesquiterpenes with anti-neuroinflammatory activity from a Nigrograna species associated with Clematis shensiensis.

Nigrograna sp. LY66, an endophytic fungus associated with the herbal medicinal plant Clematis shensiensis, produced four undescribed steroids, nigergostanes A-D (1-4), including an unusual ketal-containing nigergostane (1), and four undescribed sesquiterpenoids decorated with cyclohexanone motifs, nigbisabolanes A-D (7-10), along with three known compounds, 23R-hydroxy-(20Z,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),20(22)-tetraen-3-one (5), ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol (6), and curculonone A (11). The structures and absolute configurations of these undescribed compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic data (NMR and HRESIMS), modified Mosher's method, and ECD experiments.

Ethylidene-Tethered Chromene-Pyrone Hybrids as Potential Plant-Growth Regulators from an Endolichenic Species.

sp., a lichen-associated fungus, produced six skeletally new dimeric spiciferones (-) and four known metabolites (-). The new structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism calculations.

Triterpenoids and meroterpenoids from the edible Ganoderma resinaceum and their potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptosis activities.

Ganoderma resinaceum, as a traditional edible mushroom, has been widely reported to improve neurodegenerative diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, five new terpenoids, including four lanostane triterpenoids, named ganoresinoid A-D (1-4) and one meroterpenoid, named ganoresinoid E (5), along with 27 known compounds (6-32), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of edible mushroom G. resinaceum.

Development of artificial intelligence technology in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of colorectal cancer.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has made leaps and bounds since its invention. AI technology can be subdivided into many technologies such as machine learning and deep learning. The application scope and prospect of different technologies are also totally different.

Ductal breast carcinoma metastasized to the rectum: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from breast cancer (BC) is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Nonspecific symptoms and long intervals make early diagnosis difficult. Therefore, increased awareness of GI metastasis secondary to BC and a deep understanding of the clinical and pathological features, and intervention for GI metastasis are fundamental to avoid delay in correct diagnosis and management.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for gastrointestinal cancer.

Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, a series of malignant conditions originating from the digestive system, include gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. GI cancers have been regarded as the leading cancer-related cause of death in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective treatment strategies for GI malignancies.

Extracellular vesicles from human hepatic progenitor cells accelerate deep frostbite wound healing by promoting fibroblasts proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis.

Frostbites are cold tissue damages frequently observed at high altitudes and under extremely cold conditions. Though their incidence rate is low, the resulting impact in affected patients can be very serious, often leading to amputations. Clinical management and the prediction of outcome can be of utmost importance to frostbite patients.

Skeletal muscle metastasis with bone metaplasia from colon cancer: A case report and review of the literature.

Background: Colon cancer is a common malignant disease of the gastrointestinal tract and usually occurs at the junction of the rectum and sigmoid colon. Lymphatic and hematogenous metastases occur frequently in colon cancer and the most common metastatic sites include the liver, lung, peritoneum, bone, and lymph nodes. As a manifestation of advanced tumor spread and metastasis, soft tissue metastasis, especially skeletal muscle metastasis with bone metaplasia caused by colon cancer, is rare, accounting for less than 1% of metastases.

Structures and absolute configurations of butenolide derivatives from the isopod-associated fungus Pidoplitchkoviella terricola.

In this research, twenty aromatic and branched aliphatic polyketides, including seven previously undescribed butenolide derivatives, piterriones A-G and one known analogue, along with twelve known altenusin derivatives, were isolated from the isopod-associated fungus Pidoplitchkoviella terricola. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry data, and their absolute configurations were determined by Mosher's method, microscale derivatization, and comparison of their specific rotations and ECD spectra. Dihydroaltenuene B exhibited mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC value of 38.

Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoids with Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity from the Endolichenic Fungus Cryptomarasmius aucubae.

Two new sterpurane sesquiterpenoids named sterpurol D (1) and sterpurol E (2), and one skeletally new sesquiterpene, cryptomaraone (3), bearing a 5,6-fused bicyclic ring system, along with five known ones, sterpurol A (4), sterpurol B (5), paneolilludinic Acid (6), murolane-2α, 9β-diol-3-ene (7) and (-)-10,11-dihydroxyfarnesol (8) were isolated from an endolichenic fungus Cryptomarasmius aucubae. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of NMR spectroscopic spectra and HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were established by spectroscopic data analysis and comparison of specific optical rotation, as well as the biosynthetic consideration.

The study of Raddeanin A cerebrovascular endothelial cell trafficking through P-glycoprotein.

As one of the natural triterpenoids isolated from Anemone Raddeana Regel, Raddeanin A (RA) has been confirmed to possess therapeutic effects against multiple tumorigeneses, especially for the onset of glioblastoma and growth in human brains. However, the mechanism by which this happens remains poorly understood in terms of the vascular endothelium trafficking routine of RA through the brain-blood barrier (BBB). To seek such answers, human brain microenvironment endothelial cells (HBMECs) were used to stimulate the microenvironment in vitro, and to explore the intracellular accumulation of RA.

Claudin 14/15 play important roles in early wallerian degeneration after rat sciatic nerve injury.

Purpose: Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an antegrade degenerative process distal to peripheral nerve injury. Numerous genes are differentially regulated in response to the process. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear, especially the early response.

Prognostic impacts of β-blockers in acute coronary syndrome patients without heart failure treated by percutaneous coronary intervention.

Background: The use of β-blockers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients without heart failure (HF) is controversial, and lacks of evidence in the era of reperfusion and intensive secondary preventions. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impacts of β-blockers on patients with ACS but no HF treated by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: A total of 2397 consecutive patients with ACS but no HF treated by PCI were retrospectively recruited from January 2010 to June 2017.

Mean Platelet Volume/Platelet Count Ratio and Culprit Plaque Morphologies: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of mean platelet volume/platelet count ratio (MPR) for coronary plaque features in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A total of 275 STEMI patients undergoing preintervention optical coherence tomography examination were included, with 142 categorized as plaque rupture (PR) and 133 as plaque erosion (PE). Multivariable logistic regression showed higher MPR was an independent predictor of PR (tertile 3 vs tertile 1, odds ratio: 6.

Laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum for rectal deeply infiltrating endometriosis: A short-term prospective randomized trial.

Laparoscopic anterior resection of rectum (AR) is one of surgical approaches for deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Up to date, no clinical trials have clearly analyzed the short-term and long-term complications post-surgically, indications or feasibilities for surgical procedure, or post-operative recovery. The aims of this trial were to evaluate the indications for laparoscopic AR, the short-term and long-term complications post-surgically, post-operative recovery.

SPP1 promotes Schwann cell proliferation and survival through PKCα by binding with CD44 and αvβ3 after peripheral nerve injury.

Background: Schwann cells (SCs) play a crucial role in Wallerian degeneration after peripheral nerve injury. The expression of genes in SCs undergo a series of changes, which greatly affect the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs as well as the fate of peripheral nerve regeneration. However, how do these genes regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of SCs remains unclear.

A new surgical approach of direct perineal wound full-thick closure for perineal wound of abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma: A prospective cohort trial.

Perineal wound complications after APR have high morbidity in the colorectal surgical department. Although some approaches have been figured out to solve this clinical focus, the outcomes are still not satisfied. Herein, this prospective comparative clinical trial has been designed to evaluate a new surgical procedure of direct perineal wound full-thick closure (DPWC), compared with conventional perineal wound closure (CPWC), with hopes of making wound healing with less complications.

Primary signet ring cell carcinoma with tubular adenoma of the rectum: A case report and a review of the literature.

Rationale: Among the various forms of colorectal carcinomas, primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of rectum is infrequent. Primary SRCC with adenoma is even rarer. Due to its low morbidity and lack of obvious manifestations at early stages, it is difficult to make an early diagnosis and perform surgical intervention in time.

Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are a kind of stem cell, possess an immune privileged nature, tumour homing features, and multi-lineage differentiation ability. MSCs have been studied in many fields, such as tissue engineering, nervous system diseases, and cancer treatment. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have focused on the effects of MSCs on various kinds of tumours.

Comparative analysis on the effect of Z-plasty versus conventional simple excision for the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus: A retrospective randomised clinical study.

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus is one of common diseases in general department. However, it is characterised, for surgeons, by high post-surgical recurrence and high incidence of post-surgical wound complications. Due to that fact, this retrospective randomised clinical study was designed to evaluate the surgical procedure effect of Z-plasty (ZP), compared with convention simple excision (SE).

Claudin-15 overexpression inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of Schwann cells .

Our previous experiments have discovered that Claudin-15 was up-regulated in Schwann cells of the distal nerve stumps of rat models of sciatic nerve injury. However, how Claudin-15 affects Schwann cell function is still unknown. This study aimed to identify the effects of Claudin-15 on proliferation and apoptosis of Schwann cells cultured in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Molecular phylogeny of Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from China: Color pattern groups and multiple origins.

Highly diversified colorations among springtails (Collembola) have been widely used for species diagnosis, but their phylogenetic significance is poorly known. We addressed this issue in the largest Entomobryinae genus Entomobrya, which possesses variable color patterns among species. The relationships within the genus and to other genera have also rarely been studied.