Difference in formation of a dental multi-species biofilm according to substratum direction.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in dental biofilm formation according to substratum direction, using an artificial biofilm model.

Methods: A three-species biofilm, consisting of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Actinomyces naeslundii, was formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) discs oriented in three directions: downward (the discs placed in the direction of gravity), vertical (the discs placed parallel to the direction of gravity), and upward (the discs placed in opposite direction of gravity). The biofilms at 22 h and 46 h of age were analyzed using microbiological and biochemical methods, fluorescence-based assays, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate difference in bacterial adhesion, early and mature biofilm formation.

Biofilm ecology associated with dental caries: understanding of microbial interactions in oral communities leads to development of therapeutic strategies targeting cariogenic biofilms.

A biofilm is a sessile community characterized by cells attached to the surface and organized into a complex structural arrangement. Dental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease caused by infection with cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans, and associated with frequent exposure to a sugar-rich diet and poor oral hygiene. The virulence of cariogenic biofilms is often associated with the spatial organization of S.

The reciprocal interaction between fluoride release of glass ionomers and acid production of biofilm.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the mode of action of glass ionomers (G-Is) against cariogenic biofilms in the slow fluoride release phase by analyzing the reciprocal interaction between fluoride release from G-Is and acid production of biofilm.

Methods: G-Is discs in the slow fluoride release phase were prepared and 51 h-old biofilms were formed on these discs. The interrelationship between the acid production of the biofilm and the fluoride release of the G-Is discs was investigated by analyzing both factors simultaneously during the biofilm formation period.

Collagen Peptide in a Combinatorial Treatment with Inhibits the Cariogenic Properties of : An In Vitro Study.

Dental caries is caused by the formation of cariogenic biofilm, leading to localized areas of enamel demineralization. , a cariogenic pathogen, has long been considered as a microbial etiology of dental caries. We hypothesized that an antagonistic approach using a prebiotic collagen peptide in combination with probiotic would modulate the virulence of this cariogenic biofilm.

Relationship between sucrose concentration and bacteria proportion in a multispecies biofilm: : Sucrose challenges to a multispecies biofilm.

: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between sucrose concentration and bacteria proportion in a multispecies biofilm model. : ( (), and (es) were chose to form a multispecies biofilm. Different concentration (0-40%) of sucrose was introduced to the multispecies biofilm 3 times per day (30 min per time).

Sucrose challenges to Streptococcus mutans biofilms and the curve fitting for the biofilm changes.

The relationship between sugar level and development of dental caries has long been a main topic in dentistry. However, as a ubiquitous component of the modern diet, sucrose is mainly derived from three meals a day, rather than a long time exposure. In this study, various concentrations of sucrose were provided to Streptococcus mutans biofilms for 1 h per exposure (three times per day) to imitate a human meal pattern.

Influence of fluoride on the bacterial composition of a dual-species biofilm composed of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis.

Despite the widespread use of fluoride for the prevention of dental caries, few studies have demonstrated the effects of fluoride on the bacterial composition of dental biofilms. This study investigated whether fluoride affects the proportion of Streptococcus mutans and S. oralis in mono- and dual-species biofilm models, via microbiological, biochemical, and confocal fluorescence microscope studies.

Functional Relationship between Sucrose and a Cariogenic Biofilm Formation.

Sucrose is an important dietary factor in cariogenic biofilm formation and subsequent initiation of dental caries. This study investigated the functional relationships between sucrose concentration and Streptococcus mutans adherence and biofilm formation. Changes in morphological characteristics of the biofilms with increasing sucrose concentration were also evaluated.

Long-term anti-cariogenic biofilm activity of glass ionomers related to fluoride release.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between anti-cariogenic biofilm activities of glass ionomers (G-Is) during the initial and second fluoride release phases and to define relationships between the anti-biofilm activities and fluoride release.

Methods: Fluoride release of three commercially available G-Is in a buffer was evaluated for 770 h, and then 70-h-old Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were formed on the G-Is that had been immersed in the buffer for 0, 100, 200, or 700 h. The dry weight, bacterial cell number, water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs), and accumulated fluoride concentration of the 70-h-old biofilms and fluoride release and acid production rates during biofilm formation were determined.

Effects of combined oleic acid and fluoride at sub-MIC levels on EPS formation and viability of Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms.

Despite the widespread use of fluoride, dental caries, a biofilm-related disease, remains an important health problem. This study investigated whether oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid, can enhance the effect of fluoride on extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) formation by Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration levels, via microbiological and biochemical methods, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and real-time PCR. The combination of oleic acid with fluoride inhibited EPS formation more strongly than did fluoride or oleic acid alone.

Effect of 1-Minute Fluoride Treatment on Potential Virulence and Viability of a Cariogenic Biofilm.

Fluoride is a well-studied and widely used agent for the prevention of dental caries. Although dental caries is strongly related to cariogenic biofilms, the effect of brief fluoride treatment on the virulence properties of biofilms has not been well studied. This study evaluated the effect of a 1-min fluoride treatment on the virulence properties and viability of cariogenic biofilms, using a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model.

Relationship between fluoride release rate and anti-cariogenic biofilm activity of glass ionomer cements.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate acidogenicity and composition of Streptococcus mutans biofilms on glass ionomer cements (GICs) and then to determine the relationship between the anti-S. mutans biofilm activity and fluoride release rate of the GICs.

Methods: S.