A Metal-Free Cycloaddition of α-Diazoacetates with Amino Acid-Derived NHPI Esters for the Facile Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazoles.

1,2,4-Triazoles are privileged scaffolds for many pharmaceuticals, and methods for structurally diverse compound libraries are of current interest. Here we report an efficient coupling of α-diazoacetates with amino acid-derived alkyl -hydroxy phthalimide esters, under metal-free conditions involving 1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.

Methenamine for urinary tract infection prophylaxis: A systematic review.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) commonly affect many patient populations. Recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) can be particularly problematic and lead to potential hospitalizations, multiple antibiotic courses, and have a potential negative impact on quality of life. To prevent UTIs, antibiotics are frequently used for prophylaxis; however, antibiotic prophylaxis has notable untoward consequences including but not limited to potential adverse effects and development of antibiotic resistance.

Cystathionine -Synthase Regulates the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells.

Thyroid cancer is considered to be one of the most common endocrine tumors worldwide. Cystathionine -synthase (CBS) plays a crucial role in the occurrence of several types of malignancies. And yet, the mechanism of action of CBS in the growth of thyroid carcinoma cells is still unrevealed.

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Ameliorate Depressive-like Behaviors of High Fructose-Fed Mice by Rescuing Hippocampal Neurogenesis Decline and Blood-Brain Barrier Damage.

Excessive fructose intake is associated with the increased risk of mental illness, such as depression, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Our previous study found that high fructose diet (FruD)-fed mice exhibited neuroinflammation, hippocampal neurogenesis decline and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, accompanied by the reduction of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Here, we found that chronic stress aggravated these pathological changes and promoted the development of depressive-like behaviors in FruD mice.

Inhibition of endothelial Nox2 activation by LMH001 protects mice from angiotensin II-induced vascular oxidative stress, hypertension and aortic aneurysm.

Endothelial oxidative stress and inflammation attributable to the activation of a Nox2-NADPH oxidase are key features of many cardiovascular diseases. Here, we report a novel small chemical compound (LMH001, MW = 290.079), by blocking phosphorylated p47 interaction with p22, inhibited effectively angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial Nox2 activation and superoxide production at a small dose (IC50 = 0.

Radiotherapy-induced enrichment of EGF-modified doxorubicin nanoparticles enhances the therapeutic outcome of lung cancer.

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, related dose-dependent toxicity limits its clinical use. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new strategies for improving the clinical outcomes while reducing the side effects of chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.

A pair of new oxindole alkaloids isolated from .

A pair of new oxindole alkaloids, named macrophyllines C () and D (), together with two known oxindole alkaloids isorhynchophylline () and corynoxine () were isolated from . Their structures were elucidated based on detailed spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. In addition, all the isolates were tested for their anti-HIV activities and cytotoxicities in C8166 cells and compounds showed weak anti-HIV activities with EC values of 11.

p47-Dependent Oxidant Signalling through ASK1, MKK3/6 and MAPKs in Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Apoptosis.

The p47 is a key regulatory subunit of Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase (Nox2) that by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, the signalling pathways of p47 in the heart remains unclear. In this study, we used wild-type (WT) and p47 knockout (KO) mice (C57BL/6, male, 7-month-old, = 9) to investigate p47-dependent oxidant-signalling in AngII infusion (0.

Multidimensional fatigue in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy: incidence, severity, and risk factors.

Purpose: To explore the incidence, severity, and risk factors of multidimensional fatigue in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).

Methods: This prospective study included 79 patients with NPC in Guangzhou (China) from June 2015 to July 2018. Data were collected before and after CCRT, including demographic and clinical characteristics, nutritional parameters, and fatigue scores, based on completion of the Multiple Dimensional Inventory-20 Questionnaire, with five subscales: General Fatigue, Mental Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Reduced Activity, and Reduced Motivation.

Exploration of Alcohol Consumption Behaviours and Health-Related Influencing Factors of Young Adults in the UK.

Hazardous alcohol consumption is ranked above illicit drug use with regards to health deterioration and social and economic burden. This study sought to clarify the factors influencing alcohol consumption and its prevalence in young adults. Demographics, alcohol consumption and lifestyle information were gathered via anonymous questionnaires during 2011-2019, crossing Reading, Surrey and Farnborough universities, UK.

In vivo and in silico characterization of apocynin in reducing organ oxidative stress: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study.

Apocynin has been widely used in vivo as a Nox2-contaninig nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor. However, its time-dependent tissue distribution and inhibition on organ reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remained unclear. In this study, we examined apocynin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) after intravenous (iv) injection (bolus, 5 mg/kg) of mice (CD1, 12-week).

Recognition of 16-18-Year-Old Adolescents for Guiding Physical Activity Interventions: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Adolescence is a rapid life stage requiring special attention wherein personal autonomy is developed to govern independent lifestyles. Unhealthy lifestyles are integral to prevailing adolescent physical inactivity patterns. Understudied 16-18-year-olds were investigated to establish physical activity prevalences and influencing health-related lifestyle factors.

Impact of unhealthy lifestyle on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery of medical science students.

Background: Medical science students represent valuable labour resources for better future medicine and medical technology. However, little attention was given to the health and well-being of these early career medical science professionals. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of lifestyle components on cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery measured after moderate exercise in this population.

Nox2 dependent redox-regulation of Akt and ERK1/2 to promote left ventricular hypertrophy in dietary obesity of mice.

Background: A Nox2 containing NADPH oxidase (Nox2) is involved in the global oxidative stress found in dietary obesity and metabolic disorders. However, the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on cardiac Nox2 activation and signaling in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) remain unknown.

Methods: Left ventricular (LV) tissues isolated from C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (Nox2KO) mice (11 months old, n = 6 per group) after 4 months of HFD treatment were used.

Potential effect of herbal antidepressants on cognitive deficit: Pharmacological activity and possible molecular mechanism.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cognitive symptom is a "core" symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with clear deficit in memory, social and occupational function, and may persist during the remitting phase. Therefore, the remission of cognitive symptom has been considered as one of the main objectives in the treatment of MDD. Herbal antidepressants have been used to treat MDD, and there has been great advances in the understanding of the ability of these herbs to improve cognitive deficit linked to brain injury and various diseases including depression, Alzheimer disease, diabetes and age-related disorders.

Nox2 dependent redox-regulation of microglial response to amyloid-β stimulation and microgliosis in aging.

Microglia express constitutively a Nox2 enzyme that is involved in neuroinflammation by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Amyloid β (Aβ) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of Aβ-induced microglial dysfunction and redox-regulation of microgliosis in aging remains unclear.

Construction of a comprehensive nutritional index and its correlation with quality of life and survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing IMRT: A prospective study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between a comprehensive nutritional index (CNI) and QoL in patients with NPC who undergo IMRT and to explore the relationship between CNI and survival.

Methods: 359 patients with newly diagnosed NPC were enrolled. QoL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 and Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module at three time points: before, immediately after, and 3 months after IMRT.

Nox2 contributes to age-related oxidative damage to neurons and the cerebral vasculature.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in aging-related neurodegeneration. This study used littermates of WT and Nox2-knockout (Nox2KO) mice plus endothelial cell-specific human Nox2 overexpression-transgenic (HuNox2Tg) mice to investigate Nox2-derived ROS in brain aging. Compared with young WT mice (3-4 months), aging WT mice (20-22 months) had obvious metabolic disorders and loss of locomotor activity.

Dietary fructose-induced gut dysbiosis promotes mouse hippocampal neuroinflammation: a benefit of short-chain fatty acids.

Background: Western-style diets arouse neuroinflammation and impair emotional and cognitive behavior in humans and animals. Our previous study showed that a high-fructose diet caused the hippocampal neuroinflammatory response and neuronal loss in animals, but the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Here, alterations in the gut microbiota and intestinal epithelial barrier were investigated as the causes of hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by high-fructose diet.

Corticotropin-releasing factor depolarizes rat lateral vestibular nuclear neurons through activation of CRF receptors 1 and 2.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a neuropeptide mainly synthesized in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and has been traditionally implicated in stress and anxiety. Intriguingly, genetic or pharmacological manipulation of CRF receptors affects locomotor activity as well as motor coordination and balance in rodents, suggesting an active involvement of the central CRFergic system in motor control. Yet little is known about the exact role of CRF in central motor structures and the underlying mechanisms.

Pterostilbene prevents hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fructose-induced liver fibrosis through suppressing miR-34a/Sirt1/p53 and TGF-β1/Smads signalling.

Background And Purpose: Excessive fructose consumption is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Pterostilbene protects against liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the potential role and the mechanisms underlying the hepatocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in fructose-induced liver fibrosis and protection by pterostilbene.