Regulation of heterogeneous electron transfer reactivity by defect engineering through electrochemically induced brominating addition.

Enhancing the electrochemical activity of graphene holds great significance for expanding its applications in various electrochemistry fields. In this study, we have demonstrated a facile and quantitative approach for modulating the defect density of single-layer graphene (SLG) an electrochemically induced bromination process facilitated by cyclic voltammetry. This controlled defect engineering directly impacts the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate of SLG.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprint Lithography: Forcing Mass Transfer to Enhance the Localized Etching Rate of GaAs.

Electrochemical nanoimprint lithography (ECNL) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating three-dimensional micro/nano-structures (3D-MNSs) directly on semiconductor wafers. This technique is based on a localized corrosion reaction induced by the contact potential across the metal/semiconductor boundaries. The anodic etching of semiconductor and the cathodic reduction of electron acceptors occur at the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interface and the Pt mold surface, respectively.

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the expressions of Cox-2 and GST-Pi in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma risk.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide, and the pathogenesis is complicated at present. There iare few effective therapeutic measures, and novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to improve clinical outcome. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) is reported to have an anti-cancer activity.

[Factors influencing long-term hepatitis B virus infection of the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) as an in vivo model of chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To determine the methods for establishing an in vivo model of long-term hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis).

Methods: Seventy-seven neonate (1-3 days old) and 49 young adult (2 weeks to 1 year old) tree shrews were inoculated with different HBV sources (chronic hepatitis B (CHB) human patient serum, single or pooled; HBV-infected tree shrew serum, single only; HBV-infected HepG2.2.

[Expression of epidermal fatty acid-binding protein in cross-species hepatocellular carcinoma].

Objective: To evaluate the utility of the cross-species screening strategy for investigating key molecule(s) involved in onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: HCC-related molecule data from our previous studies and in the literature were collected to establish a cross-species dataset. Tissue samples of HCC, non-HCC surrounding liver (para-HCC), and normal liver that were collected from humans, tree shrews and rats.

Electrochemically-driven large amplitude pH cycling for acid-base driven DNA denaturation and renaturation.

In this paper, we present an electrochemically driven large amplitude pH alteration method based on a serial electrolytic cell involving a hydrogen permeable bifacial working electrode such as Pd thin foil. The method allows solution pH to be changed periodically up to ±4~5 units without additional alteration of concentration and/or composition of the system. Application to the acid-base driven cyclic denaturation and renaturation of 290 bp DNA fragments is successfully demonstrated with in situ real-time UV spectroscopic characterization.

[Progress on establishment of tree shrew (Tupaia) chronic infection with HBV in vivo].

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the important health problems worldwide, especially in China. Feasible and effective animal models of HBV infection in vivo are prerequisite for the HBV-related basic and clinical studies. Located in the highly prevalent region of HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the laboratory of Guangxi Cancer Institute has focused on the cause, pathogenesis and chemoprevention of HCC, and has started the work of establishing tree shrew (Tupaia) models of HBV infection in vivo since the early 1980s.

[Effects of AKR1B10 gene silence on the growth and gene expression of HCC cell line MHCC97H].

Objective: To explore the biological function and possible underlying mechanism of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) gene during hepatocarcinogenesis.

Methods: A pair of chemically synthesized small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting on AKR1B10 was transfected into liver cancer cell line MHCC97H by LipofectamineTM 2000. After confirming the interfering effects of AKR1B10-siRNAs through Quant SYBR Green polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), Western blot and enzymatic activity assay, the capabilities of proliferation and apoptosis of the transfected cells were observed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis, and the expressions of a group of tumor-related gene such as c-myc, c-fos, N-ras were observed through Real-time PCR.

[Differentially expressed proteins in the precancerous stage of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine].

Objective: To screen the differentially expressed proteins especially at the precancerous stage of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatocarcinogenesis by comparative proteome research.

Methods: Rats were divided into normal and DEN groups and sacrificed periodically. The liver samples were stained with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and HE to distinguish the preneoplastic lesion (pre-HCC) from the normal and HCC tissues.

[Long-term observation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in new-born tree shrews inoculated with HBV].

Objective: To observe the hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the tree shrews that were inoculated with HBV at neonatal period.

Methods: Six new-born tree shrews were inoculated with human HBV positive serum. Blood samples and liver biopsies were collected at different time points after inoculation.

[Ginkgo biloba extracts (EGb761) inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Wistar rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts (EGb761) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis and its antioxidant activity in Wistar rats.

Methods: 71 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: AFB1 (group A); AFB1 +EGb761 (group B), Control (group C). Rats in gurop A and B were injected with AFB, through abdomen and the doses were 100-200 microg/kg, one to three times a week.

[The biological function of peroxiredoxin II on Hep3B cells and its underlying mechanism].

Objectives: To study the biological function and its possible underlying mechanism of peroxiredoxin II (PrxII) in liver cancer cell line Hep3B.

Methods: Two pairs of double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted on PrxII gene were transfected into Hep3B cells using LipofectamineTM 2000. After confirming the inhibited effects of these siRNAs through Quant SYBR Green polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, the biological characters of Hep3B cell were analyzed by flow cytometry analysis, MTT and colony formation assays.

[Dynamic expression of survivin during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats].

Objective: To determine the dynamic expression of survivin gene in hepatocarcinogenesis of rats induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).

Methods: 78 Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma was induced in the rats by aflatoxin B1.

[Expression and exon 3 mutation of beta-catenin in human hepatocellular carcinoma].

Background & Objective: South Guangxi is an area with high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and with severe contamination of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The activation of beta-Catenin is involved in many cancers. AFB1 may play a key role in hepatocarcinogenesis.

[The expression of peroxiredoxin II in hepatocellular carcinoma and its significance].

Objective: To evaluate the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxiredoxin II (PrxII) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their significance.

Methods: HCC was induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in 6 tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). The expression levels of PrxII mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot on HCC tissues and on their surrounding liver tissues (para-HCC).

[A cDNA microarray study of the differential expression of genes in signal transduction pathway during hepatocarcinogenesis in tree shrews].

Objectives: To study the differential expression of genes in signal transduction pathway (STP) during the hepatocarcinogenesis in tree shrews induced by AFB1 and/or HBV and to elucidate the molecular mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development.

Methods: Adult tree shrews were divided into three groups: Group A was fed AFB1 only, Group B was infected firstly with HBV then fed AFB1 as in Group A, Group C served as the normal control. Liver biopsies were obtained at the 30th, 60th and 90th week of the experiment or until HCC occurred and the animals were sacrificed.

Dynamic expression of apoptosis-related genes during development of laboratory hepatocellular carcinoma and its relation to apoptosis.

Aim: To explore the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, survivin and the cell apoptosis during the development of tree shrew hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the relationship between expression of these genes, its impact on HCC development, and its relation to cell apoptosis.

Methods: Tree shrew HCC was induced with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and regular biopsy of liver tissues was carried out and the biopsy tissues were collected during cancer inducement. Liver biopsy tissue and HCC tissue were collected from 35 pre-cancerous experimental animals at wk 30 and 60 and at the 30th-, 60th-, and 90th-wk.

[Expression of small breast epithelial mucin mRNA in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients and its clinical significance].

Background & Objective: The major cause of death in breast cancer patients is distant metastasis. This study was to explore the expression and significance of small breast epithelial mucin (SBEM) mRNA, the specific marker of breast cancer, in peripheral blood of breast cancer patients.

Methods: Expression of SBEM mRNA in peripheral blood samples from 67 breast cancer patients, 16 benign breast disease patients, and 20 healthy volunteers was detected by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR).

The tree shrews: useful animal models for the viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are major diseases worldwide. HBV infection and chemical carcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 are known to be two key factors in the development of HCC. Animal models for hepatitis and HCC are very useful in the in vivo studies of mechanism involved in the development and prevention of these diseases and the pre-clinical research of drugs for the treatment of these diseases.

[Expression and significance of epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III in hepatocellular carcinoma].

Background & Objective: Many evidences show that epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III (EGFRvIII) plays an important role in initiation and progression of various cancers. But the relationship between EGFRvIII and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear. This study was to explore the expression and significance of EGFRvIII in human HCC tissues.

Alteration of p53 and p21 during hepatocarcinogenesis in tree shrews.

Aim: To investigate p53 mutation and p21 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) in tree shrews, and to reveal the role of these genes in hepatocarcinogenesis.

Methods: Tree shrews were divided into four groups: group A, those infected with HBV and fed with AFB(1) (n = 39); group B, those infected with HBV alone (n = 28); group C, those fed with AFB(1) alone (n = 29); and group D, normal controls (n = 20). The tree shrews underwent liver biopsies once every 15 wk.