Room-temperature selective cyclodehydrogenation on Au(111) via radical addition of open-shell resonance structures.

Cyclodehydrogenation is an important ring-formation reaction that can directly produce planar-conjugated carbon-based nanomaterials from nonplanar molecules. However, inherently high C-H bond energy necessitates a high temperature during dehydrogenation, and the ubiquity of C - H bonds in molecules and small differences in their bond energies hinder the selectivity of dehydrogenation. Here, we report a room-temperature cyclodehydrogenation reaction on Au(111) via radical addition of open-shell resonance structures and demonstrate that radical addition significantly decreases cyclodehydrogenation temperature and further improves the chemoselectivity of dehydrogenation.

Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity and its association with age-related cognitive alterations and vascular risk factors.

Introduction: Only two studies investigated the associations between peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) and age-related cognitive alterations, whereas none of the studies investigated the association with vascular risk factors.

Methods: We evaluated 801 stroke- and dementia-free elderlies with baseline and 3-year follow-up assessments. Regression analyses were used to assess the association between age-related cognitive functions and PSMD.

Proteomic analysis and comparison of intra‑ and extracranial cerebral atherosclerosis responses to hyperlipidemia in rabbits.

The present study aimed to investigate protein expression levels of intra‑ and extracranial atherosclerosis in rabbits following administration of a high‑fat diet. Rabbits were randomly divided into control (group A; n=9) and high‑fat diet (group B; n=9) groups. At week 12, tissues were sectioned from the common carotid artery (CCA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA).

Evaluation of age-related white matter changes using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.

Background: Age-related white matter changes (WMC) increase risk of cognitive and functional decline. They are considered as target for preventive trials. However, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for subclinical WMC is not cost-effective.

Coexisting small vessel disease predicts poor long-term outcome in stroke patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis.

Background And Purposes: Until now, limited data are available about the potential effect of coexisting small vessel disease (SVD) on the long-term outcome of stroke patients with intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (ILAA).

Methods: A prospective study was performed on 293 patients with symptomatic ILAA, who were divided into 4 groups (group I, single intracranial large artery atherosclerosis (SILAA) without SVD; group II, multiple intracranial large arteries atherosclerosis (MILAA) without SVD; group III, SILAA with SVD; group IV, MILAA with SVD) and followed up for recurrent stroke or death.

Results: The 3-year cumulative risks of recurrent stroke were 18% for SILAA without SVD, 38% for MILAA without SVD, 21% for SILAA with SVD and 34% for MILAA with SVD.

Effects of statins on progression of subclinical brain infarct.

Background: Subclinical brain infarct (SBI) is associated with subsequent stroke and cognitive decline. A longitudinal epidemiological study suggests that statins may prevent development of SBI. We investigated the effects of statins upon development of brain infarct by performing a post-hoc analysis of the Regression of Cerebral Artery Stenosis (ROCAS) study.

Validation of the ABCD2 score to identify the patients with high risk of late stroke after a transient ischemic attack or minor ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: The ABCD(2) score is able to predict the short-term risk of stroke after a transient ischemic attack/minor stroke. We aimed to explore its predictive value for long-term recurrent stroke.

Methods: Consecutive patients with a transient ischemic attack/minor stroke, hospitalized during a 2-year period, were followed up to document any further stroke and death stratified by a 7-point ABCD(2) score.

Predictors of vascular events after ischemic stroke: the China ischemic stroke registry study.

Background/aims: To measure the risk of vascular event occurrence among postischemic stroke patients in mainland China.

Methods: In this multicenter prospective stroke registry study, we enrolled 1,951 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Demographic data, prestroke risk factors, severity of neurological deficits and disability graded on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and modified Rankin Scale scores of each patient were measured and recorded.

Neuroimaging predictors for depressive symptoms in cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective: Although cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is closely associated with late life depression, patients with even severe SVD may have no depressive symptoms. We postulate that concurrent brain atrophy may also involve in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms in SVD. We aimed to investigate the relevance of brain atrophy in predicting depressive symptoms among patients with severe SVD.

Plasma level of sICAM-1 is associated with the extent of white matter lesion among asymptomatic elderly subjects.

Objective: Inflammatory endothelial activation mediated by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays a role in the pathogenesis of large- and small-vessel disease. We explored the association between soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) and white matter lesion (WML) as a manifestation of cerebral small-vessel disease.

Methods: One hundred and seventy-five elderly individuals aged >or= 60 without neurological deficits were studied.

Association of antiplatelet therapy with lower risk of death and recurrent cerebrovascular events after ischemic stroke--results from the China Ischemic Stroke Registry Study.

Background: Evidence of the beneficial effects of antiplatelet therapy after ischemic stroke is currently lacking in China.

Methods And Results: Demographic data, pre-stroke risk factors, severity of neurological deficit, and disability graded by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) of 1,951 patients were measured and recorded at baseline. Regular follow-up by interview was performed for 12 months post-recruitment.

[Quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow in elderly with white matter lesions].

Objective: To observe whether the severity of white matter lesions (WML) is related to ischemia in elderly.

Methods: WML were divided into 2 categories (centrum semiovale and periventricular regions) and four grades (grade 0, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3) according to the severity of WML showing on the FLAIR sequence of MRI using modified Fazekas scale. The values of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) within WML and other brain regions were measured using Xenon contrast CT.

[The effects of statins on the cerebral haemodynamics measured by transcranial Doppler in ischemic stroke patients].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of statins on the cerebral haemodynamics of ischemic stroke patients with transcranial Doppler (TCD).

Methods: 70 inpatients with acute ischemic stroke were divided into two groups according whether they had taken statins after stroke. The change of the cerebral haemodynamics was studied in the two groups with TCD three months after stroke.

Relationship between cerebral vasomotor reactivity and white matter lesions in elderly subjects without large artery occlusive disease.

Background And Purpose: The relationships between cerebral vasomotor reactivity (CVR) and white matter lesions (WMLs) were investigated mainly in patients with carotid stenosis. We aimed to study the relationship in asymptomatic elderly subjects without large artery occlusive disease.

Methods: A total of 33 elderly individuals (mean age was 76.

[Study of regional cerebral blood flow around hematoma in acute intracerebral hemorrhage by xenon-CT].

Objective: To study the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) around hematoma in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Xenon-CT was performed on 5 patients of basal ganglia hemorrhage with the hematoma volume less than 30 ml, 3 males and 2 females, aged 56.8 +/- 5.

Astragaloside IV protects against ischemic brain injury in a murine model of transient focal ischemia.

Astragalus membranaceus is a herbal medicine that has been used clinically in stroke patients in China for decades, but its potential neuroprotective effect against ischemic brain injury has not been experimentally tested. In this study, we investigated the effect of Astragaloside IV, a purified extract from Astragalus membranaceus, in a murine model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion produced by transient (1.5 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion.