CARD9 facilitates the production of IL-5 by alveolar macrophages for the induction of type 2 immune responses.

The adaptor CARD9 functions downstream of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) for the sensing of microbial infection, which leads to responses by the T1 and T17 subsets of helper T cells. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4077515 at CARD9 in the human genome, which results in the substitution S12N (CARD9), is associated with several autoimmune diseases. However, the function of CARD9 has remained unknown.

[Pathological Characteristics of Bone Marrow in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Secondary Myelofibrosis and Their Relationship with Prognosis].

Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics of bone marrow in multiple myeloma patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with prognosis.

Methods: Clinical data of 70 cases of multiple myeloma including 35 patients with secondary myelofibrosis were analyzed retrospectively from January 1st to December 31st 2012 in Department of Hematology of our hospital, the degree of hyperplasia, as well as the changes of myelofibros after treatment were compared between bone marrow smear and biopsy, and their relationship with the prognosis was analysed.

Results: The myelofibrosis could be observed in any stage and type of multiple myeloma, the myelobibrosis could cause the decrease of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in bone marrow smear, and the increase of reticulin could be observed in the biopsy with Gomori staining + to +++, and the secondary myelofibrosis could be alleviated after treatment.

[Significance of Simultaneous Analysis of Bone Marrow Smear and Bone Marrow Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma].

Objective: To explore the value of bone marrow smear combined with biopsy in the diagnosis of lymphoma.

Methods: Clinical data of 50 cases of lymphoma from our hospital were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of the bone marrow smear and the bone marrow biopsy were compared simultaneously.

Results: The decision for the degree of bone marrow hyperplasia in bone marrow biopsy slice was superior to that in smear, and the active or highly active hyperplasia of nucleated cells were observed in all the bone marrow biopsies; the lymphomatic cells were observed in bone marrow smear of the 12 patients(24%), but the bone marrow biopsies showed a higher detection rate of lymphomatic cells 44% in 22 patients(P<0.

CARD9 mediates Dectin-1-induced ERK activation by linking Ras-GRF1 to H-Ras for antifungal immunity.

Dectin-1 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for sensing fungal infection. It has been well-established that Dectin-1 induces innate immune responses through caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9)-mediated NF-κB activation. In this study, we find that CARD9 is dispensable for NF-κB activation induced by Dectin-1 ligands, such as curdlan or Candida albicans yeast.

[One-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy applied in diagnosis of the bone marrow metastatic cancer].

This study was aimed to explore the value of one-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy applied in diagnosis of the bone marrow metastatic cancer. The total of 46 cases of bone marrow metastatic cancer were analyzed retrospectively, and the results of the bone marrow smear and the bone marrow biopsies were compared. The results indicated that the success rate of one-step method of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy was 95.

[Pathological characteristics of leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with the prognosis of disease].

The objective of this study was to investigate the pathological characteristics of leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis and their relationship with prognosis. The pathological characteristics of 29 leukemia patients with secondary myelofibrosis were observed, the degree of hyperplasia between bone marrow smear and biopsy, as well as the changes of myelofibrosis after treatment were compared, and their relationship with the prognosis was analysed. The results indicated that the myelofibrosis may cause the decrease of pseudoepitheliomatous in bone marrow smear, and the increase of reticulin could be observed except the primary pathological characteristics in the biopsy with Gomori staining ++ - +++, and the secondary myelofibrosis could be alleviated after treatment.

[An experimental study on pulmonary toxicity water extracts of Siegesbeckia pubescens on mice].

Objective: The pulmonary toxicity of water extract of Siegesbeckia pubescens has been studied an mice following subchronic oral administration route.

Method: Mice were randomly grouped and administered with the water extract of S. pubescens at dosages of 3.