A novel integrated testing strategy (ITS) for evaluating acute fish toxicity with new approach methodologies (NAMs).

Acute fish toxicity (AFT) tests are performed in aquatic risk assessments of chemical compounds globally. However, the specific endpoint of in vivo AFT is based on the lethal concentration 50 (LC), which is a serious challenge in terms of animal welfare. To support the 3Rs principle of replacing, reducing, and refining use of animals, integrated testing strategies (ITS) have recently been developed for environmental risk assessment.

The Effect of the Chorion on Size-Dependent Acute Toxicity and Underlying Mechanisms of Amine-Modified Silver Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Embryos.

As the worldwide application of nanomaterials in commercial products increases every year, various nanoparticles from industry might present possible risks to aquatic systems and human health. Presently, there are many unknowns about the toxic effects of nanomaterials, especially because the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials affect functional and toxic reactions. In our research, we sought to identify the targets and mechanisms for the deleterious effects of two different sizes (~10 and ~50 nm) of amine-modified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a zebrafish embryo model.