Integrated analysis of metabolome, lipidome, and gut microbiome reveals the immunomodulation of Astragali radix in healthy human subjects.

Background: As a typical medicinal food homology species, Chinese herbal medicine Astragali radix (AR) has been widely used to regulate the human immune system worldwide. However, the human immunomodulation of AR and its corresponding mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: First, following a fortnight successive AR administration, the changes in immune cytokines and immune cells from 20 healthy human subjects were used as immune indicators to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of AR.

Broad range lipidomics and metabolomics coupled with 16S rRNA sequencing to reveal the mechanisms of Huangkui Capsule against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Huangkui Capsule (HKC) is a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation. Numerous clinical studies have reported that HKC has a good nephroprotection effect. The clinical application of cisplatin is greatly limited by its nephrotoxicity, and HKC shows promise in preventing cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN).

An integrated approach of high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemical profiling, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to reveal the potential mechanisms of Qishen Gubiao granules for treating coronavirus disease 2019.

Qishen Gubiao granules, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation composed of nine herbs, have been widely used to prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 with good clinical efficacy. In the present study, an integrated strategy based on chemical profiling followed by network pharmacology and molecular docking was employed, to explore the active components and potential molecular mechanisms of Qishen Gubiao granules in the therapy of coronavirus disease 2019. Using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique, a total of 186 ingredients corresponding to eight structure types in Qishen Gubiao preparation were identified or structurally annotated with the elucidation of the fragmentation pathways in the typical compounds.

Cerebrospinal fluid leak management in anterior basal skull fractures secondary to head trauma.

Objective: To summarize the presentation, diagnosis, and management of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in the setting of traumatic anterior skull base fracture.

Methods: Wide literature research has been performed as well as the authors' own clinical experience has been summarized.

Results: Articles from the most recent 30 years have been reviewed and a typical case of our own has been presented.

Unexpected BrdU inhibition on astrocyte-to-neuron conversion.

5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) is a halogenated pyrimidine that can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle. BrdU is widely used in fate-mapping studies of embryonic and adult neurogenesis to identify newborn neurons, however side effects on neural stem cells and their progeny have been reported. In vivo astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion is a new approach for generating newborn neurons by directly converting endogenous astrocytes into neurons.

Open biopsy with posterior instrumentation followed by anterolateral approach for removal of an uncommon tumor in the cervical spine.

The conventional treatment for the resection of cervical spinal tumors comprises anterior, posterior, and combined surgical approaches. However, these approaches have certain limitations when tumors invade the vertebrae, vertebral artery, or spinal nerves. Herein, we report an interesting case where a 45-year-old patient was admitted for neck pain.

Early tracheostomy is associated with better prognosis in patients with brainstem hemorrhage.

Brainstem hemorrhage is presumed to be invariably associated with a poor prognosis in people with spontaneous hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. The optimal timing of tracheostomy placement in brainstem hemorrhage patients, who generally require endotracheal intubation for airway protection, remains uncertain. Our research aim was to analyze the impact of early tracheostomy versus late tracheostomy on brainstem hemorrhage patients related outcomes and prognostic factors at 30 days.