Association of Questionnaire-Based Physical Activity Analysis and Body Composition Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) exerts an important influence on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Alterations in body composition in patients with T2D may be involved in the overall pathophysiologic process, but PAs and alterations in body composition have been poorly studied.

Methods: A total of 615 patients with T2D were selected by convenient sampling.

Connections between body composition and dysregulation of islet α- and β-cells in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Accompanying islet α- and β-cell dysregulation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) at the microscopic scale, alterations in body composition at the macroscopic scale may affect the pathogenesis of T2D. However, the connections between body composition and islet α-cell and β-cell functions in T2D have not been thoroughly explored.

Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we recruited a total of 729 Chinese Han patients with T2D in a consecutive manner.

Corrigendum: The association between normal serum sodium levels and bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.

The association between normal serum sodium levels and bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Sodium is a critically important component of bones, and hyponatremia has firmly been established as a risk factor associated with the incidence of fragility fractures. However, researches have also revealed that lower serum sodium are linked to reductions in muscle mass and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease even when these levels are within the normal range. Accordingly, this study was developed to examine the relationships between normal serum sodium concentrations and bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Increased levels of serum adenosine deaminase and increased risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Increased serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels have been shown to be involved in metabolic abnormalities and immune disequilibrium, which may in turn contribute to inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to determine whether increased serum ADA levels are related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This study was part of a series exploring the potential risks for DPN.

High-normal serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels and increased risk of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Increased serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are reported to be associated with various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. This study assessed whether high-normal serum CEA is related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: All subjects received DPN assessment based on neuropathic symptoms, neuropathic signs, and nerve conduction studies to calculate composite Z scores of nerve latency, amplitude and conduction velocity (NCV).

Increased plasma D-dimer levels may be a promising indicator for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Increased plasma D-dimer levels have been reported to be associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. This study aimed to determine whether plasma D-dimer is connected to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This study was part of a series exploring the potential risks for DPN.

The Positive Relationship Between the Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/Apoprotein B Ratio and Bone Turnover Markers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Dyslipidemia may contribute to low bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) through mediating oxidative stress and atherosclerosis. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/apoprotein B (LDL-C/Apo B) ratio is a surrogate marker of small and density low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-C), a most harmful group of LDL-Cs. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the LDL-C/Apo B ratio and bone turnover in patients with T2D.

Association of serum stromal cell-derived factor 1 levels with EZSCAN score and its derived indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The aim of the study was to explore whether plasma stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) levels are associated with the EZSCAN score and its derived indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: From July 2020 to December 2020, a total of 253 patients with T2D were consecutively recruited. Serum SDF-1 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA.

Increased serum cystatin C levels and responses of pancreatic α- and β-cells in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Increased serum cystatin C (CysC) can predict the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Meanwhile, impaired pancreatic α- and β-cell functions get involved in the pathophysiological processes of T2D. So this study was to explore the relationships between serum CysC levels and pancreatic α- and β-cell functions in T2D.

Sedentary lifestyle and body composition in type 2 diabetes.

Background: Body composition alterations may participate in the pathophysiological processes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A sedentary lifestyle may be responsible for alterations of body composition and adverse consequences, but on which body composition of patients with T2D and to what extent the sedentary lifestyle has an effect have been poorly investigated.

Methods: We recruited 402 patients with T2D for this cross-sectional study.

Association of sleep quality with glycemic variability assessed by flash glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Deterioration of sleep quality has been reported to contribute to the incidence of diabetes and may be responsible for glycemic status in diabetes. The present study explored the relationship between sleep quality and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: We recruited 111 patients with T2D for this cross-sectional study.

The association between serum adenosine deaminase levels and Graves' disease.

Background: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is essential for the differentiation and maturation of lymphocytes, while lymphocytes infiltration in thyroid tissue is a vital pathological feature of Graves' disease (GD). The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration of ADA between healthy controls (HC) and patients with GD, and evaluate the association between ADA and GD.

Methods: A total of 112 GD patients and 77 matched HC were enrolled in this study.

The relationship between adenosine deaminase and heart rate-corrected QT interval in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Prolonged heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval may reflect poor prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels are related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation, which may participate in diabetic complications. We investigated the association of serum ADA levels with prolonged QTc interval in a large-scale sample of patients with T2D.

Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels and responses of pancreatic islet β-cells and α-cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), as an intracellular lipid chaperone and adipokine, was reported to be related to the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic complications, but its association with pancreatic islet β-cell and α-cell functions has not been fully elucidated. So the present study was to investigate the serum FABP4 levels and responses of islet β-cells and α-cells in patients with T2D.

Methods: 115 patients with T2D and 89 healthy controls (HC), who received serum FABP4 levels test, were recruited to participate in this study.

The relationship between insulin sensitivity and serum antithrombin 3 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Antithrombin 3 (AT3) is a physiological inhibitor of thrombin, and serum AT3 activity was found to decrease at the status of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was presented with an increased risk of thrombotic complications at the background of impaired insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity indices and serum AT3 activity in patients with T2D.

Inverse relationship between serum adenosine deaminase levels and islet beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease, which characterized by islet beta cell dysfunction. Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme that regulates the biological activity of insulin, and its levels are greatly increased in inflammatory diseases with insulin resistance. The present study was designed to explore the relationship between serum ADA levels and islet beta cell function in patients with T2D.

Serum stromal cell-derived factor-1 levels are associated with diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients.

The present study was designed to explore whether serum stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) levels were associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Serum SDF-1 levels were measured by sandwich ELISA. Patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.

Associations of Plasma Glucagon Levels with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated fasting glucagon and impaired suppression of postprandial glucagon secretion, which may participate in diabetic complications. Therefore, we investigated the associations of plasma glucagon with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in T2DM patients.

Methods: Fasting glucagon and postchallenge glucagon (assessed by area under the glucagon curve [AUCgla]) levels were determined during oral glucose tolerance tests.

Fasting serum total bile acid levels are associated with insulin sensitivity, islet β-cell function and glucagon levels in response to glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by islet β-cell dysfunction and impaired suppression of glucagon secretion of α-cells in response to oral hyperglycaemia. Bile acid (BA) metabolism plays a dominant role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. So we evaluated the association of fasting serum total bile acids (S-TBAs) with insulin sensitivity, islet β-cell function and glucagon levels in T2D.

Association of serum fibroblast growth factor 19 levels with arteriosclerosis parameters assessed by arterial stiffness and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: The role of serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) in arteriosclerosis is not well known. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether serum FGF19 levels were related to arteriosclerosis parameters, including arterial stiffness and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy controls were recruited for this study from Apr 2017 to Oct 2018.

Serum complement C3 and islet β-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 4.6-year prospective follow-up study.

Purpose: Serum complement C3 has been shown to contribute to the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but how serum complement C3 affects islet β-cell function throughout the course of T2D is unclear. This study explored whether serum complement C3 is independently associated with changes in islet β-cell function over time in patients with T2D.

Methods: Serum complement C3 was measured, and endogenous β-cell function was evaluated by area under the C-peptide curve (AUC) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 411 patients with T2D at baseline from 2011 to 2015.

Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 and endogenous islet beta cell function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) takes part in maintaining the balance of glycolipids and may be involved in regulating the secretory activity of islet beta cells in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the levels of serum FGF19 and endogenous islet beta cell function in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: Samples were obtained from 271 subjects: 85 drug-naïve type 2 diabetes participants exclusively on lifestyle intervention (N-DM group), 122 type 2 diabetes subjects previously used medications (DM group) and 64 normal controls (NC group).

High-normal serum thyrotropin levels and increased glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic patients.

Purpose: High-normal thyrotropin (TSH) is related to reduced insulin sensitivity and may contribute to glycemic disorders in diabetes. We investigated the relationship between normal serum TSH levels and glycemic variability in euthyroid type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: A total of 432 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with euthyroid function and normal serum TSH levels were recruited between March 2013 and February 2017.