Phase I study of a non-S2P SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine LVRNA009 in Chinese adults.

Background: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a great threat to public health. We present the safety and immunogenicity data from a phase I trial in China of an mRNA vaccine (LVRNA009).

Methods: In the single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled and dose-escalation study, 72 healthy unvaccinated adults aged 18-59 years were randomized (3:1) to receive LVRNA009 with one of three vaccine dosage (25, 50 and 100 μg) or placebo, to evaluate for the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of LVRNA009.

CERS4 predicts positive anti-PD-1 response and promotes immunomodulation through Rhob-mediated suppression of CD8Tim3 exhausted T cells in non-small cell lung cancer.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main malignant tumors with high mortality and short survival time. Immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC, but it has the problems of drug resistance and low response rate. Therefore, obtaining effective biomarkers to predict and enhance immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) efficacy in NSCLC is important.

Real-world evidence of osimertinib in Chinese patients with EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer: a subgroup analysis from ASTRIS study.

Purpose: ASTRIS study aimed the largest to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of second- or higher-line osimertinib in patients with advanced/metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the real-world setting. Here we report the results of Chinese patients in ASTRIS study.

Methods: Adults with EGFR T790M-positive advanced NSCLC pretreated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), having a WHO performance status score of 0-2 and asymptomatic, stable central nervous system (CNS) metastases were included.

Clinical characteristics and treatment strategy of nocardiosis in lung transplant recipients: A single-center experience.

Objective: are infrequent pathogens that disproportionately afflict organ transplant recipients. The present study aimed to summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies of nocardiosis in lung transplant recipients.

Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the clinical data of adult lung transplant recipients who were complicated with nocardiosis between January 2018 and December 2021 at the largest lung transplant center in South China.

Lung transplantation for anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis-associated rapid progressive interstitial lung disease: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Lung transplantation is an ultimate lifesaving treatment for many patients with end-stage lung disease, whereas whether it is an optional intervention for the anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (anti-MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis (DM)-associated rapid progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) remain controversial. We report two patients diagnosed with anti-MDA5-positive DM-associated RP-ILD, who were both bridging to lung transplant with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after failing to respond to extensive immunosuppressants. The first patient received full rehabilitation, but the second patient died of DM flare at the early-stage post-lung transplantation.

The Short- and Long-Term Clinical, Radiological and Functional Consequences of COVID-19.

As with the rapid increase of the number of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 globally, there needs to be a major shift of the focus from rapid pathogen detection, treatment and prevention to the promotion of better recovery. Notwithstanding the scarcity of our understandings, recent studies have unraveled a plethora of pulmonary and systemic consequences which require medical attention. These consequences remained as of the end of follow-up which ranged from 1 month to 1 year.

The Airway Microbiota Signatures of Infection and Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients.

Infection and rejection are the two most common complications after lung transplantation (LT) and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to examine the association between the airway microbiota and infection and rejection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Here, we collected 181 sputum samples (event-free,  = 47; infection,  = 103; rejection,  = 31) from 59 LTRs, and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the airway microbiota.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosing Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Study.

Accurate identification of pathogens is essential for the diagnosis and control of infections. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and conventional detection methods (CDM) in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). We retrospectively analyzed 107 LTRs with suspected infection of pulmonary, blood, central nervous system or chest wall between March 2018 and November 2020.

A multiethnic bidirectional Mendelian randomization study negates causal effects of C-reactive protein concentrations on lung cancer.

Background: Significantly rising plasma circulating C-reaction protein (CRP) concentrations are pervasive in lung cancer (LC) development, demonstrating a bidirectional relation. However, it remains uncertain whether the causation between them exists, and the degree to which the effect varies across different ethnic ancestries remains unknown. Therefore, we attempted to investigate the causal relationship between these two phenotypes.

High-throughput next-generation sequencing for identifying pathogens during early-stage post-lung transplantation.

Background: High-throughput next-generation sequencing (HT-NGS) has the potential to detect a large variety of pathogens; however, the application of HT-NGS in lung transplant (LTx) recipients remains limited. We aimed to evaluate the value of HT-NGS for pathogen detection and diagnosis of pulmonary infection during early-stage post-lung transplantation.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled 51 LTx recipients who underwent lung transplantation between January 2020 and December 2020.

Earlier diagnosis improves COVID-19 prognosis: a nationwide retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Risk of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients by stratifying by the time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis status is still uncertain.

Methods: We included 1,590 hospitalized COVID-19 patients confirmed by real-time RT-PCR assay or high-throughput sequencing of pharyngeal and nasal swab specimens from 575 hospitals across China between 11 December 2019 and 31 January 2020. Times from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis, from symptom onset to first medical visit and from first medical visit to confirmed diagnosis were described and turned into binary variables by the maximally selected rank statistics method.

Chronic Respiratory Diseases and the Outcomes of COVID-19: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study of 39,420 Cases.

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are common among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objectives: We sought to determine the association between CRD (including disease overlap) and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19.

Methods: Data of diagnoses, comorbidities, medications, laboratory results, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the national COVID-19 reporting system.

Circ0001320 inhibits lung cancer cell growth and invasion by regulating TNFAIP1 and TPM1 expression through sponging miR-558.

Lung cancer is the most affected malignant tumor in the world, and its specific pathogenesis is still unclear. It has been confirmed that circ0001320 is down-regulated in lung cancer, but its mechanism has not been reported. Further study found that circ0001320 was down-regulated in lung cancer cells, localized in the cytoplasm, and had multiple miR-558 binding sites.

A phase Ib study of the highly selective MET-TKI savolitinib plus gefitinib in patients with EGFR-mutated, MET-amplified advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are recommended first-line treatments in EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance (e.g.

Serpina3n is closely associated with fibrotic procession and knockdown ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective: Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial lung disease that is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of lung. The precise mechanisms underlying pulmonary fibrosis still remain unclear. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the alteration and function of serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 3 N (Serpina3n) in pulmonary fibrotic models and explore the potential mechanisms.

Recommended prophylactic and management strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in transplant recipients.

Since December 2019, increasing attention has been paid to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic in Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 primarily invades the respiratory tract and lungs, leading to pneumonia and other systemic disorders. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 in transplant recipients has raised significant concerns, especially because there is a large population of transplant recipients in China.

Cardiovascular comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19.

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Impact of metformin on survival outcome of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas patients undergoing surgical resection: a multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a recognized risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), and metformin is a recognized protective factor for some gastrointestinal tumors. But knowledge is limited regarding the effect of metformin on survival outcome of ESCC patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We assessed the impact of post-diagnosis metformin use on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in ESCC with T2DM undergoing surgical resection.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 treated in Hubei (epicentre) and outside Hubei (non-epicentre): a nationwide analysis of China.

Background: During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), consistent and considerable differences in disease severity and mortality rate of patients treated in Hubei province compared to those in other parts of China have been observed. We sought to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients being treated inside and outside Hubei province, and explore the factors underlying these differences.

Methods: Collaborating with the National Health Commission, we established a retrospective cohort to study hospitalised COVID-19 cases in China.

Lung transplantation as therapeutic option in acute respiratory distress syndrome for coronavirus disease 2019-related pulmonary fibrosis.

Background: Critical patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), even those whose nucleic acid test results had turned negative and those receiving maximal medical support, have been noted to progress to irreversible fatal respiratory failure. Lung transplantation (LT) as the sole therapy for end-stage pulmonary fibrosis related to acute respiratory distress syndrome has been considered as the ultimate rescue therapy for these patients.

Methods: From February 10 to March 10, 2020, three male patients were urgently assessed and listed for transplantation.