-CF Imidoyl Chlorides: Scalable -CF Nitrilium Precursors for the Construction of -CF Compounds.

A wide range of -CF imidoyl chlorides were synthesized for the first time via the -trifluoromethylation of nitriles in DCM by using AlCl-activated PhICFCl as the CF source. The reactions of them with N/O-/S-nucleophiles, as well as with 1,3-dipoles, were carried out to efficiently deliver -CF amidines/imidates/thioimidates and -CF azoles, demonstrating that they are a class of scalable NCF-containing synthons in the synthesis of -CF compounds.

Effect of moxibustion for "nourishing the kidney and benefiting the marrow" on knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: To compare the clinical effect between two acupoint regimens of moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and observe the influences on the serum content of interleukin 1α (IL-1α), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), bone gla protein (BGP) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Methods: KOA patients were randomly divided into an observation group (40 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (40 cases, 3 cases dropped off). In the observation group, moxibustion was applied to Xiyan (EX-LE5), Dubi (ST35), Zusanli (ST36), Dazhu (BL11), Xuanzhong (GB39) and Yongquan (KI1) on the affected side.

Generated Novel H MRI Reporter for β-Galactosidase Activity Detection and Visualization in Living Tumor Cells.

For wide applications of the gene in cellular/molecular biology, small animal investigations, and clinical assessments, the improvement of noninvasive imaging approaches to precisely assay gene expression has garnered much attention. In this study, we investigate a novel molecular platform in which alizarin 2--β--galactopyranoside acts as a gene/β-gal responsive H-MRI probe to induce significant H-MRI contrast changes in relaxation times and as a concerted effect for the discovery of β-gal activity with the exposure of Fe. We also demonstrate the capability of this strategy for detecting β-gal activity with -transfected human MCF7 breast and PC3 prostate cancer cells by reaction-enhanced H-MRI and relaxation mapping.

Novel F-MRS β-galactosidase reporter molecules incorporated nitrogen mustard analogues.

In this study, we propose a novel molecular platform-integrated fluorinated antitumor nitrogen mustards for F-MRS assay of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity. Following this idea, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized 2-fluoro-4-[bis(2'-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside 5, 2-fluoro-4-{bis[2'-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)ethyl]amino}phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside 8, 2-fluoro-4-{bis[[1″-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-1″, 2″, 3″-triazol-4″-yl]methyl] amino}phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside 14 and 2-fluoro-4-{bis[[1″-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1″, 2″, 3″-triazol-4″-yl]methyl]amino}phenyl β-D-galactopyranoside 15 through glycosylation and click reaction strategies, and their structures were confirmed by NMR and HRMS or elemental analysis data. Among them, 2-fluoro-4-[bis(2'-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl β-D-galacto-pyranoside 5 was found very sensitive to β-gal (E801A) in PBS at 37°C with big Δδ response.

Identification of 3-substituted-6-(1-(1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline derivatives as highly potent and selective mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) inhibitors via metabolite profiling-based structural optimization.

c-Met/HGF signaling pathway plays an important role in cancer progression, and it was considered to be related to poor prognosis and drug resistance. Based on metabolite profiling of (S)-7-fluoro-6-(1-(6-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline (1), a series of 2-substituted or 3-substituted-6-(1-(1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl)ethyl)quinoline derivatives was rationally designed and evaluated. Most of the 3-substituted derivatives not only exhibited potent activities in both enzymatic and cellular assays, but also were stable in liver microsomes among different species (human, rat and monkey).

Fast Monitoring Soil Environmental Qualities of Heavy Metal by Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer.

Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometer as a new type of equipment for quick test has a prominent prospect, but there are also shortcomings of detection range and limition, therefore this paper studied the suitability of PXRF spectrometer in monitoring soil environmental qualities of heavy metals included Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Hg, the aim of this paper is to screen elements which can be detected by this kind of instrument and evaluate the accuracy of test results. The research method is to test heavy metals contaminated soil samples by PXRF spectrometer, evaluate the accuracy of test results of PXRF compared with inductively coupled plasma mass(ICP-MS), then establish linear regression relationship between analysis results of PXRF and ICP-MS method. The results show that, (1) When measuring the soil environmental quality, PXRF spectrometer is appropriate to measure the content of Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu, except Ni, Cd, As and Hg.

Novel Fe-Based H MRI -Galactosidase Reporter Molecules**.

There is increasing interest in the development of reporter agents to reveal enzyme activity using small animal imaging. We have previously demonstrated the feasibility of detecting gene activity using the commercially available 3,4-cyclohexenoesculetin-β--galactopyranoside (S-Gal™) as a H MRI reporter. Specifically, β-galactosidase (β-gal) releases the aglycone, which forms an MR contrast-inducing paramagnetic precipitate in the presence of Fe.

Novel S-Gal(®) analogs as (1)H MRI reporters for in vivo detection of β-galactosidase.

The quantitative assessment of gene expression and related enzyme activity in vivo could be important for the characterization of gene altering diseases and therapy. The development of imaging techniques, based on specific reporter molecules may enable routine non-invasive assessment of enzyme activity and gene expression in vivo. We recently reported the use of commercially available S-Gal(®) as a β-galactosidase reporter for (1)H MRI, and the synthesis of several S-Gal(®) analogs with enhanced response to β-galactosidase activity.

Novel molecular platform integrated iron chelation therapy for 1H-MRI detection of β-galactosidase activity.

Targeting the increased Fe(3+) content in tumors, we propose a novel molecular platform integrated cancer iron chelation therapy for (1)H-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity. Following this idea, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a series of β-d-galactosides conjugated with various chelators and demonstrated the feasibility of this concept for assessing β-gal activity in solution by (1)H-MRI T1 and T2 relaxation mapping.

6-Trifluoromethylpyridoxine: novel (19)F NMR pH indicator for in vivo detection.

pH plays an important role in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolic control, and the efficacy of cytotoxic therapy, and accurate noninvasive assessment of tumor pH promises to provide insight into developmental processes and prognostic information. In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of two novel pH indicators 6-trifluoromethylpyridoxine 8 and α(4),α(5)-di-O-[3'-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)propyl]-6-trifluoromethylpyridoxine 17 and demonstrate 8 as an extracellular (19)F NMR pH probe to assess pH(e) of various tumors in vivo.

Dual 19F/1H MR gene reporter molecules for in vivo detection of β-galactosidase.

Increased emphasis on personalized medicine and novel therapies requires the development of noninvasive strategies for assessing biochemistry in vivo. The detection of enzyme activity and gene expression in vivo is potentially important for the characterization of diseases and gene therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a particularly promising tool, since it is noninvasive and has no associated radioactivity, yet penetrates deep tissue.

A 19F-NMR approach using reporter molecule pairs to assess beta-galactosidase in human xenograft tumors in vivo.

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for treatment of various diseases. However, widespread implementation is hampered by difficulties in assessing the success of transfection in the target tissue and the longevity of gene expression. Thus, there is increasing interest in the development of non-invasive in vivo reporter techniques to assay gene expression.

19F-NMR detection of lacZ gene expression via the enzymic hydrolysis of 2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside in vivo in PC3 prostate tumor xenografts in the mouse.

Gene therapy shows promise for treating prostate cancer and has been evaluated in several clinical trials. A major challenge that remains is to establish a method for verifying transgene activity in situ. The lacZ gene encoding beta-galactosidase historically has been the most popular reporter gene for molecular biology.

Probing secondary carbohydrate-protein interactions with highly dense cyclodextrin-centered heteroglycoclusters: the heterocluster effect.

Comparison of the lectin-binding properties for highly dense beta-cyclodextrin-centered homo- and heteroglycoclusters with defined architecture provides evidence for the existence of strong synergic effects (heterocluster effect) on carbohydrate-protein recognition events.

19F: a versatile reporter for non-invasive physiology and pharmacology using magnetic resonance.

The fluorine atom provides an exciting tool for diverse spectroscopic and imaging applications using Magnetic Resonance. The organic chemistry of fluorine is widely established and it can provide a stable moiety for interrogating many aspects of physiology and pharmacology in vivo. Strong NMR signal, minimal background signal and exquisite sensitivity to changes in the microenvironment have been exploited to design and apply diverse reporter molecules.

[Synthesis and antifungal activity of novel triazole antifungal agents].

Aim: A series of triazole antifungal agents were synthesized to search for novel triazole antifungal agents with more potent activity, less toxicity and broader spectrum.

Methods: Twenty-one 1-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazolyl)-2-(2, 4-diflurophenyl)-3-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)-2-propanols were synthesized, on the basis of the three dimensional structure of P450 cytochrome 14alpha-sterol demethylase (CYP51) and their antifungal activities were also evaluated.

Results: Results of preliminary biological tests showed that most of title compounds exhibited activity against the eight common pathogenic fungi to some extent and the activities against deep fungi were higher than that against shallow fungi.

[Preliminary comparative study on the effects of early enteral supplementation of synbiotics on severely burned patients].

Objective: To investigate the influence of early enteral nutrition with synbiotics on the plasma endotoxin level, the nutritional state, the inflammatory response and the incidence of infectious complications in severely burned patients.

Methods: Randomized double blind and control method was employed im the study. Forty severely burned patients were randomly divided into A and B groups with 20 in each group.

Determination of aliphatic amines using N-succinimidyl benzoate as a new derivatization reagent in gas chromatography combined with solid-phase microextraction.

A simple, selective and sensitive approach was developed for the quantitation of aliphatic amines in lake water applying a new reagent (N-succinimidyl benzoate, SIBA), synthesized in the laboratory of the authors. Derivatization of the n-C1-C6 aliphatic monoamines and dimethylamine in aqueous solution with SIBA was followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Derivatives were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection.