Mechanism of Asperosaponin VI Related to EGFR/MMP9/AKT/PI3K Pathway in Treatment of Rheumtoid Arthritis.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of action of asperosaponin VI (AVI) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and validate it in ex vivo experiments using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods.

Methods: The predicted targets of AVI were obtained from PharmMaper, UniProt and SwissTarget Prediction platforms, the disease targets were collected from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, Therapeutic Target Database and GeneCards databases, the intersection targets of AVI and RA were obtained from Venny 2.1.

The application prospects of sacha inchi ( linneo) in rheumatoid arthritis.

Sacha Inchi ( L) (SI) is a traditional natural medicine from tropical rainforests of Amazon region in South America. As a raw material for edible oil, it has various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemia, and blood pressure lowering, which have attracted increasing attentions of pharmacists. This has prompted researchers to explore its pharmacological effects for potential applications in certain diseases.

New insights into the enteric methane production based on the archaeal genome atlas of ruminant gastrointestinal tract.

Introduction: As one of the important components of ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome, archaea are involved in many biological processes, especially methanogenesis. In spite of being a well-recognised member of the mammalian gut microbiome, it remains poorly characterized, partly due to the lack of a unified reference genome catalog.

Objectives: This study aimed to construct a unified genome atlas that captures the wider diversity in archaea and is thus more appropriate for functional and taxonomic exploration of ruminant GIT archaea.

Non-invasive metabolic biomarkers in initial cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), considered one of the most severe and commonly overlooked complications of diabetes, has shown inconsistent findings regarding the metabolic profiles in DCI patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify dysregulated metabolites as potential biomarkers for early DCI, providing valuable insights into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of four databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane, was conducted up to March 2024.

Deciphering functional groups of rumen microbiome and their underlying potentially causal relationships in shaping host traits.

Over the years, microbiome research has achieved tremendous advancements driven by culture-independent meta-omics approaches. Despite extensive research, our understanding of the functional roles and causal effects of the microbiome on phenotypes remains limited. In this study, we focused on the rumen metaproteome, combining it with metatranscriptome and metabolome data to accurately identify the active functional distributions of rumen microorganisms and specific functional groups that influence feed efficiency.

Advances in single-cell transcriptomics in animal research.

Understanding biological mechanisms is fundamental for improving animal production and health to meet the growing demand for high-quality protein. As an emerging biotechnology, single-cell transcriptomics has been gradually applied in diverse aspects of animal research, offering an effective method to study the gene expression of high-throughput single cells of different tissues/organs in animals. In an unprecedented manner, researchers have identified cell types/subtypes and their marker genes, inferred cellular fate trajectories, and revealed cell‒cell interactions in animals using single-cell transcriptomics.

Single-cell transcriptomics across 2,534 microbial species reveals functional heterogeneity in the rumen microbiome.

Deciphering the activity of individual microbes within complex communities and environments remains a challenge. Here we describe the development of microbiome single-cell transcriptomics using droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing and pangenome-based computational analysis to characterize the functional heterogeneity of the rumen microbiome. We generated a microbial genome database (the Bovine Gastro Microbial Genome Map) as a functional reference map for the construction of a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the rumen microbiome.

Anti-inflammatory properties and characterization of water extracts obtained from Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun using in vitro and in vivo rat models.

Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun (CK) is a common remedy exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and has been used in Chinese herbal formulations, such as KangGongYan tablets. It is the main component of KangGongYan tablets, which has been used to treat chronic cervicitis caused by damp heat, red and white bands, cervical erosion, and bleeding. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of CK water extract remains unknown.

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Protects IgA Nephropathy Through Regulating Cell Growth and Apoptosis of T and B Lymphocytes.

Purpose: Sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) is used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and may also be efficacious against Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). However, no trial has investigated the molecular mechanism of SH on IgAN. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect and mechanism of SH on IgAN.

Neuronal MeCP2 in the dentate gyrus regulates mossy fiber sprouting of mice with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Sprouting of mossy fibers, one of the most consistent findings in tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, exhibits several uncommon axonal growth features and has been considered a paradigmatic example of circuit plasticity that occurs in the adult brain. Clarifying the mechanisms responsible may provide new insight into epileptogenesis as well as axon misguidance in the central nervous system. Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) binds to methylated genomic DNA to regulate a range of physiological functions implicated in neuronal development and adult synaptic plasticity.

[Clinical Study of Blinatumomab in the Treatment of Adult Relapsed/Refractory Ph-Negative Acute B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of CD19/CD3 bisecific monoclonalantibody (Blinatumomab) in the treatment of adult patients with relapsed / refractory Ph-negative acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R-B-ALL).

Methods: Ten adult R/R B-ALL patients were all treated with Blinatumomab. Each treatment cycle was administered for 28 days and stopped for 14 days.

Pharmacological mechanisms of sinomenine in anti-inflammatory immunity and osteoprotection in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review.

Background: Sinomenine (SIN) is the main pharmacologically active component of Sinomenii Caulis and protects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of SIN in the treatment of RA. However, the molecular mechanism of SIN in RA has not been fully elucidated.

Dynamic fecal microenvironment properties enable predictions and understanding of peripartum blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cows.

The transition period in dairy cows is a critical stage and peripartum oxidative status, negative energy balance (NEB), and inflammation are highly prevalent. Fecal microbial metabolism is closely associated with blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels. Here, we investigated dynamic changes in total oxidative status markers and NEFA in blood, fecal microbiome, and metabolome of 30 dairy cows during transition (-21, -7, +7, +21 d relative to calving).

SPARC: a potential target for functional nanomaterials and drugs.

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also termed osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein which regulates cell adhesion, extracellular matrix production, growth factor activity, and cell cycle. Although SPARC does not perform a structural function, it, however, modulates interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix due to its anti-proliferative and anti-adhesion properties. The overexpression of SPARC at sites, including injury, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation, reveals its application as a prospective target and therapeutic indicator in the treatment and assessment of disease.

Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography for Catheter-Related Right Brachiocephalic Vein and Superior Vena Cava Lesions in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis-A Pilot Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for detecting catheter-related right brachiocephalic vein (RBV) and superior vena cava (SVC) obstructions in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: From June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022, we enrolled 80 patients undergoing HD who had used or were using a central venous catheter as vascular access. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasonography and CEUS for identifying RBV and SVC obstructions and compared them with that of digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

The hindgut microbiome contributes to host oxidative stress in postpartum dairy cows by affecting glutathione synthesis process.

Background: Dairy cows are susceptible to postpartum systemic oxidative stress (OS), which leads to significant production loss and metabolic disorders. The gut microbiota has been linked to host health and stress levels. However, to what extent the gut microbiota is associated with postpartum OS remains unknown.

Age- and Microbiota-Dependent Cell Stemness Plasticity Revealed by Cattle Cell Landscape.

Newborn ruminants are considered functionally monogastric animals. The poor understanding of cellular differences between newborn and mature ruminants prevents the improvement of health and performance of domestic ruminants. Here, we performed the single-cell RNA sequencing on the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, rectum, liver, salivary gland, and mammary gland from newborn and adult cattle.

Gut microbiome is linked to functions of peripheral immune cells in transition cows during excessive lipolysis.

Background: Postpartum dairy cows experiencing excessive lipolysis are prone to severe immunosuppression. Despite the extensive understanding of the gut microbial regulation of host immunity and metabolism, its role during excessive lipolysis in cows is largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the potential links between the gut microbiome and postpartum immunosuppression in periparturient dairy cows with excessive lipolysis using single immune cell transcriptome, 16S amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, and targeted metabolomics.

Simiao Yong'an decoction ameliorates murine collagen-induced arthritis by modulating neutrophil activities: An in vitro and in vivo study.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune disease with high morbidity and disability rate. Currently, there is no effective allopathic treatment for RA, and most of the drugs provoke many adverse effects. Simiao Yong'an decoction (SMYAD) is a traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of sore and gangrene caused by hot poison.

Microbiota-host crosstalk in the newborn and adult rumen at single-cell resolution.

Background: The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chamber of the forestomach has developed to become the principal site of microbial fermentation of plant fibers. With the advent of single-cell transcriptomics, it is now possible to study the underlying cell composition of rumen tissues and investigate how this relates the development of mutualistic symbiosis between the rumen and its epithelium-attached microbes.

Heritable and Nonheritable Rumen Bacteria Are Associated with Different Characters of Lactation Performance of Dairy Cows.

Recent studies have reported that some rumen microbes are heritable. However, it is necessary to clarify the functions and specific contributions of the heritable rumen microbes to cattle phenotypes (microbiability) in comparison with those that are nonheritable. This study aimed to identify the distribution and predicted functions of heritable and nonheritable bacterial taxa at species level in the rumen of dairy cows and their respective contributions to energy-corrected milk yield, protein content and yield, and fat content and yield in milk.

An Age Effect of Rumen Microbiome in Dairy Buffaloes Revealed by Metagenomics.

Age is an important factor in shaping the gut microbiome. However, the age effect on the rumen microbial community for dairy buffaloes remains less explored. Using metagenomics, we examined the microbial composition and functions of rumen microbiota in dairy Murrah buffaloes of different ages: Y (1 year old), M (3−5 years old), E (6−8 years old), and O (>9 years old).

Genome-Wide Association Study of Partial Resistance to in Wild Soybeans from Heilongjiang Province, China.

Phytophthora root rot (PRR) is a destructive disease of soybeans ( (L.) Merr) caused by (). The most effective way to prevent the disease is growing resistant or tolerant varieties.