Secretive derived from hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells promote cartilage regeneration and mitigate joint inflammation via extracellular vesicles.

Secretome derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have profound effects on tissue regeneration, which could become the basis of future MSCs therapies. Hypoxia, as the physiologic environment of MSCs, has great potential to enhance MSCs paracrine therapeutic effect. In our study, the paracrine effects of secretome derived from MSCs preconditioned in normoxia and hypoxia was compared through both functional assays and an rat osteochondral defect model.

Structural basis and functions of abscisic acid receptors PYLs.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many developmental processes and responses to adaptive stresses in plants. Recently, a new family of nucleocytoplasmic PYR/PYL/RCAR (PYLs) has been identified as bona fide ABA receptors. PYLs together with protein phosphatases type-2C (PP2Cs), Snf1 (Sucrose-non-fermentation 1)-related kinases subfamily 2 (SnRK2s) and downstream substrates constitute the core ABA signaling network.

Primary idiopathic chylopericardium: a case report.

Primary idiopathic chylopericardium is a rare disease, particularly in children. We report the case of a 5-year-old male child who presented with cough and dyspnoea. Bulging of the chest wall and distant heart sounds suggested the diagnosis of a pericardial effusion, which was confirmed on a chest computed tomography.