Dexamethasone-Loaded Lipid Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Treat Experimental Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization in Inflammatory Sites.

Background: The M1/M2 polarization of intestinal macrophages exerts an essential function in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), which can be adjusted to alleviate the UC symptoms.

Purpose: A kind of pH-sensitive lipid calcium phosphate core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), co-loading with dexamethasone (Dex) and its water-soluble salts, dexamethasone sodium phosphate (Dsp), was constructed to comprehensively regulate macrophages in different states towards the M2 phenotype to promote anti-inflammatory effects.

Methods: Dex and Dsp were loaded in the outer lipid shell and inner lipid calcium phosphate (Cap) core of the LCaP NPs, respectively.

Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Impacts of Lentinan Combined with Probiotics in Ulcerative Colitis.

Multi-methods have been developed to control ulcerative colitis. This research targeted to probe that lentinan combined with probiotics suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress responses in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. A mouse model of colitis was induced through oral administration with 2.

Distribution Pattern of N6-Methyladenine DNA Modification in the Seashore Paspalum () Genome.

N6-methyladenine (6mA) DNA modification has been detected in several eukaryotic organisms, in some of them, it plays important role in the regulation process of stress-resistance response. However, the genome-wide distribution patterns and potential functions of 6mA DNA modification in halophyte Seashore paspalum () remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the 6mA landscape in the genome by adopting single molecule real-time sequencing technology and found that 6mA modification sites were broadly distributed across the genome.

Efficient assembly of nanopore reads via highly accurate and intact error correction.

Long nanopore reads are advantageous in de novo genome assembly. However, nanopore reads usually have broad error distribution and high-error-rate subsequences. Existing error correction tools cannot correct nanopore reads efficiently and effectively.

Corrigendum: Distribution Patterns of DNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Non-coding RNA Genes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.

DNA N6-Methyladenine Modification in Wild and Cultivated Soybeans Reveals Different Patterns in Nucleus and Cytoplasm.

DNA 6mA modification, an important newly discovered epigenetic mark, plays a crucial role in organisms and has been attracting more and more attention in recent years. The soybean is economically the most important bean in the world, providing vegetable protein for millions of people. However, the distribution pattern and function of 6mA in soybean are still unknown.

Distribution Patterns of DNA N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Non-coding RNA Genes.

N6-methyladenosine (6mA) DNA modification played an important role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. And the aberrational expression of non-coding genes, as important regular elements of gene expression, was related to many diseases. However, the distribution and potential functions of 6mA modification in non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes are still unknown.

-Methyladenine DNA Modification in the Woodland Strawberry () Genome Reveals a Positive Relationship With Gene Transcription.

-methyladenine (6mA) DNA modification has been detected in several eukaryotic organisms, where it plays important roles in gene regulation and epigenetic memory maintenance. However, the genome-wide distribution patterns and potential functions of 6mA DNA modification in woodland strawberry () remain largely unknown. Here, we examined the 6mA landscape in the genome by adopting single-molecule real-time sequencing technology and found that 6mA modification sites were broadly distributed across the woodland strawberry genome.

MDR: an integrative DNA N6-methyladenine and N4-methylcytosine modification database for Rosaceae.

Eukaryotic DNA methylation has been receiving increasing attention for its crucial epigenetic regulatory function. The recently developed single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology provides an efficient way to detect DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) and N4-methylcytosine (4mC) modifications at a single-nucleotide resolution. The family Rosaceae contains horticultural plants with a wide range of economic importance.

DNA N6-Methyladenosine modification role in transmitted variations from genomic DNA to RNA in Herrania umbratica.

Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification. Recently the developed single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology provided an efficient way to detect DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) modification that played an important role in epigenetic and positively regulated gene expression. In addition, the gene expression was also regulated by genetic variation.

N6-Methyladenine DNA modification in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola genome.

DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) modifications expand the information capacity of DNA and have long been known to exist in bacterial genomes. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola (Xoc) is the causative agent of bacterial leaf streak, an emerging and destructive disease in rice worldwide.

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid.

Context 3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (ISA) is an analog of shikimic acid (SA). SA is extracted from the dry fruit of Illicium verum Hook. f.

Histone deacetylase inhibitor reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the nucleophosmin level through PI3K/Akt pathway in breast cancer.

The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is the major obstacle in the chemotherapy of breast cancer, and it restricts the application of antitumor drugs in the clinic. Therefore it is urgent to search for ways to reverse MDR and restore sensitivity to chemotherapeutics in breast carcinoma. Currently, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) offer a promising strategy for tumor therapy as the effective anticancer drugs.

Influence of the gastrointestinal microflora and efflux transporters on the absorption of scutellarin and scutellarein.

Scutellarin (SG) and its aglycone, Scutellarein (S), are flavonoids of therapeutic cardiocerebrovascular disease. SG was hydrolyzed by bacterial enzyme into S which was absorbed in the intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the microflora in the intestinal lumen and the efflux transporter of intestinal epithelial cells on the absorption process of SG and S.

Establishment of paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell line and nude mice models, and underlying multidrug resistance mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor which affects health of women and multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main factors leading to failure of chemotherapy. This study was conducted to establish paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer cell line and nude mice models to explore underlying mechanisms of MDR.

Methods: The breast cancer drug-sensitive cell line MCF-7 (MCF-7/S) was exposed in stepwise escalating paclitaxel (TAX) to induce a resistant cell line MCF-7/TAX.

Preliminary assessment of the safety evaluation of novel pH-sensitive hydrogel.

In our previous work, a new kind of pH-sensitive hydrogel based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA), methoxyl poly (ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and itaconic acid (IA) was prepared by heat-initiated free radical polymerization without any organic solvent. For further application, the safety of prepared copolymers and hydrogels was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in this paper. In vitro toxicity evaluation of MPEG-PLA-AC (PLE-AC) copolymers included hemolytic test and cytotoxicity which were evaluated by cell viability assay using HEK293 cells.

Protective effects of 3,4-oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid on experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rats.

Background: 3,4-Oxo-isopropylidene-shikimic acid (ISA) is a derivative of shikimic acid (SA). SA is extracted from Illicium verum Hook.fil.

Metabolic and pharmacokinetic studies of scutellarin in rat plasma, urine, and feces.

Aim: To study the metabolic and pharmacokinetic profile of scutellarin, an active component from the medical plant Erigeron breviscapus (Vant) Hand-Mazz, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying the low bioavailability of scutellarin though oral or intravenous administration in rats.

Methods: HPLC method was developed for simultaneous detection of scutellarin and scutellarein (the aglycone of scutellarin) in rat plasma, urine and feces. The in vitro metabolic stability study was carried out in rat liver microsomes from different genders.

[Absorption and transportation characteristics of scutellarin and scutellarein across Caco-2 monolayer model].

Objective: To investigate the absorption and transepithelial transport characteristics of scutellarin and scutellarein in the human colonic adenocarcinoma cell (Caco-2) monolayer model. The influence factors on these two compounds' absorption were investigated, such as buffer solution, duration of culture, and inhibitors of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP(2)), breast cancer drug resistance protein (BCRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

Methods: By using Caco-2 monolayer as an intestinal epithelial cell model, the transport process was studied from apical (AP) side to basolateral (BL) side or from BL to AP.

[Synthesis of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid and its effect on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats].

Objective: To study the method for synthesis of 2-hydroxyl-5- butyramidobenzoic acid and test its effect on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.

Methods: 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid was synthesized from 5-aminosalicylic acid and butyric acid by amidation, esterification and hydrolization. The effect of 2-hydroxyl-5-butyramidobenzoic acid on acetic acid enema-induced colitis in rats was investigated.

[Pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of scutellarin in rats].

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and distribution character of scutellarin in plasma and tissues in rats, in order to provide some references for rational drug use in the clinic.

Method: The solution of scutellarin was administered to rats (80 mg x kg(-1)) by oral gavage. A high performance liquid chromatography method determinated the scutellarin concentration in rat plasma and tissue.