MeHA: A Computational Framework in Revealing the Genetic Basis of Animal Mental Health Traits Under an Intensive Farming System-A Case Study in Pigs.

Intensively farmed animals such as pigs inevitably experience a certain degree of psychological stress, which leads to a reduction in production performance. Mental health traits are currently difficult to measure, resulting in a gap in understanding their genetic basis. To address this challenge, we propose a computational framework called mental health of animals (MeHA), capable of revealing genes related to animal mental health traits.

P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common disease in elderly men. There is increasing evidence that periodontitis increases the risk of BPH, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of the key periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.

A multi-scale feature fusion neural network for multi-class disease classification on the maize leaf images.

Maize is a globally important cereal crop, however, maize leaf disease is one of the most common and devastating diseases that afflict it. Artificial intelligence methods face challenges in identifying and classifying maize leaf diseases due to variations in image quality, similarity among diseases, disease severity, limited dataset availability, and limited interpretability. To address these challenges, we propose a residual-based multi-scale network (MResNet) for classifying multi-type maize leaf diseases from maize images.

Periodontitis relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia via the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome.

Objectives: Periodontitis is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), whether it related to gut floramicrobiota and metabonomics is unclear.

Methods: We established ligature-induced periodontitis (EP), testosterone-induced BPH, and composite rat models. Fecal samples were collected to detect gut microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabonomics were detected by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Cross-talk of pyroptosis-based subtypes, the development of a risk classifier and immune responses in cervical cancer.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecology malignancies and has a dismal survival outcome. The prognostic value of pyroptosis and its role in the regulation of immune metabolism in CC remain unclear.

Methods: Two independent CC cohorts collected from public databases were integrated for unsupervised cluster analysis.

Molecular Design-Based Breeding: A Kinship Index-Based Selection Method for Complex Traits in Small Livestock Populations.

Genomic selection (GS) techniques have improved animal breeding by enhancing the prediction accuracy of breeding values, particularly for traits that are difficult to measure and have low heritability, as well as reducing generation intervals. However, the requirement to establish genetic reference populations can limit the application of GS in pig breeds with small populations, especially when small populations make up most of the pig breeds worldwide. We aimed to propose a kinship index based selection (KIS) method, which defines an ideal individual with information on the beneficial genotypes for the target trait.

The causal association between smoking, alcohol consumption and risk of bladder cancer: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study.

Smoking and alcohol consumption are associated with bladder cancer risk in observational studies. We conducted a two-sample univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to determine whether those associations are causal. We used 21, 126, 360, 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for number of cigarettes per day, lifetime smoking index, smoking initiation, and drinks per week, respectively.

Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats.

Background: Studies had shown many diseases affect the stability of human microbiota, but how this relates to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has not been well understood. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the regulation of BPH on gut microbiota composition and metabonomics.

Methods: We analyzed gut samples from rats with BPH and healthy control rats, the gut microbiota composition and metabonomics were detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Development of Biomarker Signatures Associated with Anoikis to Predict Prognosis in Endometrial Carcinoma Patients.

Purpose: To generate a signature based on anoikis-related genes (ARGs) for endometrial carcinoma (EC) patients and elucidate the molecular mechanisms in EC.

Methods: On the basis of TCGA-UCEC dataset, we identified specific anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in EC. Cox-relative regression methods were used to generate an anoikis-related signature (ARS).

Epidemiological trends of urinary tract infections, urolithiasis and benign prostatic hyperplasia in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are three of the most common nonmalignant conditions in urology. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and updated epidemiological data. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of UTI, urolithiasis, and BPH in 203 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.

Global, regional, and national burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers and their attributable risk factors, 1990-2019.

Background: The burden of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers has changed in recent decades. This study aims to investigate the global and regional burden of, and attributable risk factors for genitourinary cancers during the past 30 years.

Methods: We extracted data of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database, including incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019.

Periodontitis Exacerbates Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia through Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Epidemiological studies demonstrate that men with periodontitis are also susceptible to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and that periodontal treatment can improve the prostatic symptom. However, molecular links of this relationship are largely unknown. The goal of the current study was to elucidate the effects of experimental periodontitis on the hyperplasia of prostate and whether oxidative stress and inflammation participated in this process.

Oxidative Stress Links Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases and Prostatic Diseases.

The incidence of chronic aging-associated diseases, especially cardiovascular and prostatic diseases, is increasing with the aging of society. Evidence indicates that cardiovascular diseases usually coexist with prostatic diseases or increase its risk, while the pathological mechanisms of these diseases are unknown. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and prostatic diseases.

UV-fluorescence probe for detection Ni with colorimetric/spectral dual-mode analysis method and its practical application.

Fluorescence probe combines with fluorescence imaging technology has become the most powerful analytical method with their great advantages of high sensitivity and selectivity and real-time monitoring. Ni is widely distributed in food, environment and living animals, thereof, it is of great significance for detection Ni with high selectivity. Herein, a simple strategy is proposed to design and synthesiz a small molecule fluorescent probe Y1 by using "one-pot" method.

Effects of cellulose/salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes on PVA based hydrogels: Portable, reusable, and high-precision luminescence sensing of Cu.

Novel portable, high-precision, and reusable fluorescent polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-borax hydrogel sensors were prepared to detect Cu in aqueous environment. A TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers/salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (TOCN/ST) complex was further incorporated into the PVA-borax matrix. The in situ polymerization of TOCN/ST complex enhanced the mechanical properties of the hydrogels and improved the accuracy of detection.

Targeting the Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: Evaluating Fluorinated Glucosamines and Xylosides in Screens Pertinent to Multiple Sclerosis.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are upregulated in insults to the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating condition of the central nervous system. CSPGs appear to be detrimental in MS, as they enhance immune responses and act as barriers to oligodendrocyte differentiation and thus remyelination. Despite their deleterious roles, strategies to selectively reduce CSPG production are lacking.

Efficient regioselective O3-monodesilylation by hydrochloric acid in cyclodextrins.

An efficient O3-monodesilylation method has been developed for the derivatization of per-3-O-silylated cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives. Using hydrochloric acid as a reagent, the O3-monodesilylation was found to be regioselective, mild, practical and general as it can be applied to all α-, β- and γ-CDs. The advantage of the methodology is that the acid-catalyzed O3-desilylation can be carried out in a stepwise manner so that different types of functional groups can be introduced to a CD molecule at different stage of the O3-desilylations.

Fluorescent rhodanine-3-acetic acids visualize neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains.

There is a high demand for the development of an imaging agent for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) detection in Alzheimer's diagnosis. In the present study, a series of rhodanine-3-acetic acids was synthesized and evaluated for fluorescence imaging of NFTs in brain tissues of AD patients. Five out of seven probes have shown excellent binding affinity to NFTs over amyloid plaques in the Thiazine red R displacement assay.

A rapid and convenient method for preparative separation of three indissolvable polyphenols from Euphorbia pekinensis by the flexible application of solvent extraction combined with counter-current chromatography.

A rapid and convenient method was established to preparatively isolate the three ellagic acid types of compounds, which were the main polyphenols in Euphorbia pekinensis, by flexibly applying solvent extraction combined with counter-current chromatography (CCC). The total extract (extracted using 95% ethanol) of E. pekinensis was pretreated by two simple steps before CCC isolation, following the procedure: the total extract was extracted by classical solvent extraction using petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, respectively, and then the ethyl acetate extract was suspended using 95% ethanol, after being allowed to stand overnight, the sediment was obtained.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of trimethine cyanine dyes as fluorescent probes for the detection of tau fibrils in Alzheimer's disease brain and olfactory epithelium.

Shedding light on grey matter: Fluorescent trimethine cyanines were evaluated as imaging probes for neurofibrillary tangles in post-mortem brain sections of Alzheimer's disease patients. These probes bind to neurofibrillary tangles with high contrast and selectivity over amyloid β plaques.

2-Styrylindolium based fluorescent probes visualize neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease.

We evaluated 2-styrylindolium derivatives (6-11) as novel and selective probes for neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) on brain sections of AD patients. The staining experiments indicated that these compounds may bind selectively to NFTs in the presence of ß-amyloid (Aß) plaques. Cell free binding assays confirmed that 2-[2-[4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)phenyl]ethenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium iodide (9) and 2-[2-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-1-butyl-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indolium iodide (11) display excellent affinities to Tau-aggregates (IC(50) values of 5.

Structure-based optimization of oxadiazole-based GSK-3 inhibitors.

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) induces neuroprotective effects, e.g. decreases β-amyloid production and reduces tau hyperphosphorylation, which are both associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Identification of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors with a selective sting for glycogen synthase kinase-3α.

The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been linked to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The debate on the respective contributions of GSK-3α and GSK-3β to AD pathology and AML is ongoing. Thus, the identification of potent GSK-3α-selective inhibitors, endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic properties, may elucidate the effect of GSK-3α inhibition in AD and AML models.