Ultrafast Exciton Formation in Perovskite Quantum Rods.

Investigating exciton formation in semiconductor materials is essential for efficient light-to-energy conversion applications. Exciton formation has been extensively studied in two-dimensional materials but is rarely observed in single quantum systems. Here, we construct one-dimensional CsPbBr quantum rods (QRs) with two confined dimensions and one unconfined dimension.

Maternal Gestational Weight Status and Offspring Physical Growth Status at Birth, Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence.

Maternal adiposity has been identified as a predictor of child overweight/obesity; however, it remains unclear whether the association changes as the child ages. We aimed to examine the associations between maternal weight status during pregnancy and offspring physical growth from birth to early adolescence using data from a birth cohort study in rural western China. Maternal weight measurements during the first, second and third trimesters were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) rate, and then were classified following the Institute of Medicine recommendation.

Central amygdala somatostatin neurons modulate stress-induced sleep-onset insomnia.

Sleep-onset insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, is linked to increased health risks. Previous studies have shown that the central amygdala (CeA) plays a crucial role in stress regulation, with the somatostatin neurons in the CeA (CeA) involved in adaptive stress responses. However, the role of CeA neurons in stress-induced sleep-onset insomnia remains unclear.

Cryo-EM structure of the β-1,3-glucan synthase FKS1-Rho1 complex.

β-1,3 Glucan synthase (GS) is essential for fungal cell wall biosynthesis. The GS holoenzyme comprises the glycosyltransferase FKS1 and its regulatory factor Rho1, a small GTPase. However, the mechanism by which Rho1 activates FKS1 in a GTP-dependent manner remains unclear.

Homo-Hetero Double Junction Coupling Weakens Exciton Effects to Enhance Selective Photocatalytic O Activation on Carbon Nitride.

Exciton effects caused by the inherent dielectric confinement in the 2D material carbon nitride (CN) severely limit the transfer of photogenerated carriers and the selective generation of free radicals. Herein, a homo-hetero double junction coupling strategy is reported to address these challenges. Ternary homojunction carbon nitride (HCCN) functionalized with cyano and cyanamide groups is constructed with a built-in electric field that efficiently separates the electron-hole into different structural units, thereby reducing reverse charge recombination and weakening exciton effects.

Identification of a Potent and Selective CDK9 Degrader as a Targeted Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents a significant public health challenge due to its increasing incidence and high mortality. Most SCLC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, and there are limited effective targeted therapies available. In this study, a potent and selective CDK9 degrader, , was developed through PROTAC modification of the CDK9 inhibitor, AT-7519.

Pretreatment HIV Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Among Newly Diagnosed HIV Individuals - China, 2018-2023.

Introduction: The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations. This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national survey to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to INSTIs among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) individuals in China.

Methods: The study enrolled 10,654 individuals from 31 provincial-level administrative divisions between 2018 and 2023.

Association between sperm DNA fragmentation index and recurrent pregnancy loss: results from 1485 participants undergoing fertility evaluation.

Objective: Several male factors have been reported to play a role in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and RPL.

Method: A total of 1485 participants were recruited from a university hospital between April 2020 and August 2022.

Photocatalytic Methanol Dehydrogenation with Switchable Selectivity.

Switchable selectivity achieved by altering reaction conditions within the same photocatalytic system offers great advantages for sustainable chemical transformations and renewable energy conversion. In this study, we investigate an efficient photocatalytic methanol dehydrogenation with controlled selectivity by varying the concentration of nickel cocatalyst, using zinc indium sulfide nanocrystals as a semiconductor photocatalyst, which enables the production of either formaldehyde or ethylene glycol with high selectivity. Control experiments revealed that formaldehyde is initially generated and can either serve as a terminal product or intermediate in producing ethylene glycol, depending on the nickel concentration in the solution.

Influence of Floral Strip Width on Spider and Carabid Beetle Communities in Maize Fields.

The study explored the impact of floral strip width on the spider and carabid beetle communities in maize fields over two years. Three widths of floral strips (2 m, 4 m, and 6 m) were compared with maize-only control strips to evaluate species diversity and distribution. The results showed significant differences in both spider and carabid populations between floral and control strips, with 4 m and 6 m widths consistently harboring higher biodiversity.

DNA promoter task-oriented dictionary mining and prediction model based on natural language technology.

Promoters are essential DNA sequences that initiate transcription and regulate gene expression. Precisely identifying promoter sites is crucial for deciphering gene expression patterns and the roles of gene regulatory networks. Recent advancements in bioinformatics have leveraged deep learning and natural language processing (NLP) to enhance promoter prediction accuracy.

Photocatalytic Partial Water Oxidation Promoted by a Hydrogen Acceptor-Hydroxyl Mediator Couple.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is an important chemical in synthetic chemistry with huge demands. Photocatalytic synthesis of HO via oxygen reduction and water oxidation reactions (ORR and WOR) is considered as a promising and desirable solution for on-site applications. However, the efficiency of such a process is low due to the poor solubility of molecular oxygen and the rapid reverse reaction of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with hydrogen atoms (H).

National and Regional Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 - China, 2004-2023.

Introduction: The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 subtypes significantly influences the effectiveness of diagnostic tools, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and vaccine development. This study aimed to assess the regional and national prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes and recombinants in China between 2004 and 2023 using pol gene segment analysis.

Methods: We analyzed annual HIV/AIDS reports and pol gene segment sequences from all Chinese provinces between 2004 and 2023.

Heterogeneity of tertiary lymphoid structures predicts the response to neoadjuvant therapy and immune microenvironment characteristics in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) impact cancer outcomes, including in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where their role in immune modulation during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is underexplored.

Methods: This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) staining, and radiomic techniques to evaluate TLSs and the tumour microenvironment (TME) in TNBC patient samples before and after NAT.

Results: The presence of TLSs in TNBC was associated with B-cell maturation and T-cell activation.

Atomistic Origins of Conductance Switching in an ε-CuVO Neuromorphic Single Crystal Oscillator.

Building artificial neurons and synapses is key to achieving the promise of energy efficiency and acceleration envisioned for brain-inspired information processing. Emulating the spiking behavior of biological neurons in physical materials requires precise programming of conductance nonlinearities. Strong correlated solid-state compounds exhibit pronounced nonlinearities such as metal-insulator transitions arising from dynamic electron-electron and electron-lattice interactions.

T-2 toxin triggers depression-like behaviors via upregulation of dopamine transporter in nucleus accumbens of male mice.

The T-2 toxin is a frequent contaminant in the global environment and agricultural production. Existing evidence suggests that the ingested T-2 toxin can enter the brain and exhibit neurotoxicity. However, it is still unknown whether T-2 toxin causes the depression-like behaviors.

Flexible ZSM-5 Zeolite Membrane for High-Performance Helium Separation.

Flexible zeolite membranes are promising for scalable and adaptable separation of critical gases such as helium; however, the synthesis of such membranes remains a significant challenge. In this study, we report the successful fabrication of crack-free ZSM-5 zeolite membranes on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) supports using a seeded growth method. PTFE-supported membranes exhibit unprecedented helium permeance of over 6.

, a new species of Brassicaceae in China.

, a new species from Hunan Province, China, is described and illustrated. is similar to . From the latter, is readily distinguished by the terminal leaflet of the cauline leaf 4.

Causes and Management Strategies for Unusual Hypoglycemia: a Case Series.

Background: Glucose levels are vital for indicating the body's sugar content, with imbalances leading to diseases like diabetes or hypoglycemia-related symptoms such as palpitations and fatigue.

Methods: This case series describes three cases of hypoglycemia identified in recent years, utilizing multiple glucose measurement methods and exploring strategies to eliminate interferences.

Results: Two cases of pseudo-hypoglycemia induced by PEGylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) and Evolocumab injections, and one case of true reactive hypoglycemia following a glucose tolerance test in a patient post-gastric bypass surgery.

Exploration of common pathogenesis and candidate hub genes between HIV and monkeypox co-infection using bioinformatics and machine learning.

This study explored the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and monkeypox co-infection, identifying candidate hub genes and potential drugs using bioinformatics and machine learning. Datasets for HIV (GSE 37250) and monkeypox (GSE 24125) were obtained from the GEO database. Common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in co-infection were identified by intersecting DEGs from monkeypox datasets with genes from key HIV modules screened using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA).

Regulation of Rice Grain Weight by Fatty Acid Composition: Unveiling the Mechanistic Roles of by OsARF12.

Fatty acids play a putative role as second messengers of phytohormones and regulate the rice grain weight. However, the inner mechanism is still unclear and needs to be further studied. In this study, we identified that oleic acid (C18:1) negatively correlates while linoleic acid (C18:2) positively correlates with rice grain weight.

Structural insights into the inhibition mechanism of fungal GWT1 by manogepix.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) acyltransferase is crucial for the synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins. Targeting the fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol acyltransferase GWT1 by manogepix is a promising antifungal strategy. However, the inhibitory mechanism of manogepix remains unclear.

The subcortical maternal complex modulates the cell cycle during early mammalian embryogenesis via 14-3-3.

The subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is essential for safeguarding female fertility in mammals. Assembled in oocytes, the SCMC maintains the cleavage of early embryos, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that 14-3-3, a multifunctional protein, is a component of the SCMC.

Pollution characteristics, bioavailability, and risk assessment of heavy metals in urban road dust from Zhengzhou, China.

To analyze contamination levels, spatial distribution characteristics, bioavailability, and risks of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), 65 road dust samples were collected and tested by ICP-MS from Zhengzhou in October 2023. The mean concentrations of most heavy metals, except Ni, exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Cd being 7.43 times that of its background.