Dioscin decreases M2 polarization via inhibiting a positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB in glioma.

Background: The role of the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is pivotal in the development of gliomas. Discovering drugs that can traverse the blood-brain barrier and modulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the treatment of GBM. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin derived from various kinds of plants and herbs known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, has shown its powerful anti-tumor activity.

Lysine-40 succinylation of TAGLN2 induces glioma angiogenesis and tumor growth through regulating TMSB4X.

Protein lysine succinylation (K) represents an important regulatory mechanism of tumor development. In this work, the difference of protein K between HCMEC/D3 co-cultured with U87 (glioma endothelia cells, GEC) and without U87 (normal endothelia cells, NEC) was investigated using TMT labeling and affinity enrichment followed by high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis. Interestingly, TAGLN2 was highly succinylated at K40 in GEC (15.

Antiviral responses of ATG13 to the infection of peste des petits ruminants virus through activation of interferon response.

Not only are autophagy-related (ATG) proteins the essential orchestrators of the autophagy machinery, but also they regulate many other cellular pathways. Here, we demonstrated that ATG13 exerted an obviously antiviral activity against the infection of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in cell culture model. We found that PPRV infection or the treatment with interferon (IFN) against PPRV infection significantly induced ATG13 expression.

Nucleotide composition bias and codon usage trends of gene populations in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. Agalactiae.

Because of the low GC content of the gene population, amino acids of the two mycoplasmas tend to be encoded by synonymous codons with an A or T end. Compared with the codon usage of ovine, Mycoplasma capricolum and M. agalactiae tend to select optimal codons, which are rare codons in ovine.