Hierarchical behavioral analysis framework as a platform for standardized quantitative identification of behaviors.

Behavior is composed of modules that operate based on inherent logic. Understanding behavior and its neural mechanisms is facilitated by clear structural behavioral analysis. Here, we developed a hierarchical behavioral analysis framework (HBAF) that efficiently reveals the organizational logic of these modules by analyzing high-dimensional behavioral data.

Intelligent larval zebrafish phenotype recognition via attention mechanism for high-throughput screening.

Background: Larval zebrafish phenotypes serve as critical research indicators in fields such as ecotoxicology and safety assessment since phenotypic defects are closely related to alterations of underlying pathway. However, identifying these defects is time-consuming and requires specialized knowledge.

Method: We proposed a deep network model called RECNet, which combines attention mechanisms and residual structures.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Herbicidal Ureidopyrimidine Compounds: Focus on Sulfonamide Modifications.

In this study, 32 novel ureidopyrimidine compounds containing sulfonamide fragments were strategically designed and synthesized through active substructure combination. Postemergence herbicidal activity assays demonstrated that compounds , , and exhibited superior efficacy against broadleaf weeds, including and , with compound achieving a remarkable 95% control rate at 9.375 g a.

FM-568: A Promising Phenyl-Hydrazonomalononitrile Antibacterial Agent for the Sustainable Management of Citrus Canker.

Citrus canker, caused by subsp. (), poses a significant threat to citrus production worldwide. To develop effective and eco-friendly antibacterial agents, we designed and synthesized phenyl-hydrazonomalononitrile derivatives using a scaffold-hopping strategy.

Ginkgetin Alleviates Inflammation and Senescence by Targeting STING.

Ginkgo biloba extract is reported to have therapeutic effects on aging-related disorders. However, the specific component responsible for this biological function and its mechanism of action remain largely unknown. This study finds that Ginkgetin, an active ingredient of Ginkgo biloba extract, can alleviate cellular senescence and improve pathologies in multiple tissues of aging mice.

Unveiling : A Breakthrough in Isoindolinone-Based Acaricide Development.

The increasing resistance of agricultural pests to existing acaricides presents a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study introduced , a novel isoindolinone-based phenyl trifluoroethyl thioether derivative generated through an innovative design strategy combining bioisosterism and novel cyclization methods. We synthesized several compounds and evaluated their acaricidal efficacy against in greenhouses and in field settings.

Design, Synthesis, and Acaricidal/Insecticidal Activities of New Phenylpyrazole Derivatives Comprising an Imide Moiety.

Using nicofluprole as the lead compound, we designed and synthesized a series of new phenylpyrazole analogues through substituting the methyl group on the nitrogen atom of the amide with an acyl group. Bioassay results showed that compounds - with a 1-cyanocyclopropimide group exhibited outstanding insecticidal activity. The LC values for compounds - against ranged from 0.

Mapping the Behavioral Signatures of Shank3b Mice in Both Sexes.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by social and repetitive abnormalities. Although the ASD mouse model with Shank3b mutations is widely used in ASD research, the behavioral phenotype of this model has not been fully elucidated. Here, a 3D-motion capture system and linear discriminant analysis were used to comprehensively record and analyze the behavioral patterns of male and female Shank3b mutant mice.

Trinitarian Design of Gradient Artificial Interphase Enables Colossal Granular Li Deposits for Stable Li-Metal Batteries.

The cycling lifespan of Li-metal batteries is compromised by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the continuous Li dendrites, restricting their practical implementations. Given these challenges, establishing an artificial SEI holds promise. Herein, a trinitarian gradient interphase is innovatively designed through composite coatings of magnesium fluoride (MgF), N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), and polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) on Li-metal anode (LMA).

Damage-Tolerant and Self-Repairing Web-Like Borate Type Binder Enable Stable Operation of Efficient Si-Based Anodes.

Novel binder designs are shown to be fruitful in improving the electrochemical performance of silicon (Si)-based anodes. However, issues with mechanical damage from dramatic volume change and poor lithium-ion (Li) diffusion kinetics in Si-based materials still need to be addressed. Herein, an aqueous self-repairing borate-type binder (SBG) with a web-like architecture and high ionic conductivity is designed for Si and SiO electrodes.

Chemoradiotherapy-induced ACKR2 tumor cells drive CD8 T cell senescence and cervical cancer recurrence.

Tumor recurrence after chemoradiotherapy is challenging to overcome, and approaches to predict the recurrence remain elusive. Here, human cervical cancer tissues before and after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing reveal that CCRT specifically promotes CD8 T cell senescence, driven by atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) CCRT-resistant tumor cells. Mechanistically, ACKR2 expression is increased in response to CCRT and is also upregulated through the ligation of CC chemokines that are produced by activated myeloid and T cells.

Cytoplasmic DNA sensing boosts CD4 T cell metabolism for inflammatory induction.

DNA accumulation is associated with the development of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. However, the pathological role and underlying mechanism of cytoplasmic DNA accumulation in CD4 T cells have not been well established. Here, we show that deficiency-induced endogenous DNA accumulation in CD4 T cells greatly promoted their induction of autoimmune inflammation in a lupus-like mouse model.

Goliath induces inflammation in obese mice by linking fatty acid β-oxidation to glycolysis.

Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation. However, the obesity-associated metabolic contribution to inflammatory induction remains elusive. Here, we show that, compared with lean mice, CD4 T cells from obese mice exhibit elevated basal levels of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), which promote T cell glycolysis and thus hyperactivation, leading to enhanced induction of inflammation.

Lifespan changes in cannabinoid 1 receptor mRNA expression in the female C57BL/6J mouse brain.

Many brain functions that underlie behavior, cognition, and emotions vary with age, as does susceptibility to neuropsychological disorders. The expression of specific genes that are involved in these functions, such as the genes encoding for oxytocin, its receptors, and apolipoprotein D, varies with age across different brain regions. The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB R) is one of the most widely spread G-protein coupled receptors in the central nervous system and is increasingly recognized for its important contribution to various brain functions.

The subthalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons mediate adaptive REM-sleep responses to threat.

When an animal faces a threatening situation while asleep, rapid arousal is the essential prerequisite for an adequate response. Here, we find that predator stimuli induce immediate arousal from REM sleep compared with NREM sleep. Using in vivo neural activity recording and cell-type-specific manipulations, we identify neurons in the medial subthalamic nucleus (mSTN) expressing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) that mediate arousal and defensive responses to acute predator threats received through multiple sensory modalities across REM sleep and wakefulness.

Halogenated salt assisted Cu-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-borylstannation of 1,3-enynes: enantioselective synthesis of allenylstannes.

An enantioselective 1,4-borylstannation of 1,3-enynes employed a chiral sulfoxide phosphine ()/Cu complex as a catalyst, and the desired products, chiral allenylstannes, were first synthesized by asymmetric catalysis with satisfactory yields and enantioselectivies. In this protocol, a catalytic amount of additive, a halogenated salt, plays a crucial role in the success. Control experiments and theoretical studies disclosed that the four-membered ring transmetallation transition states which were stabilized by a halide anion are the key to yields and stereochemical outcomes.

Cytoplasmic DNA sensing by KU complex in aged CD4 T cell potentiates T cell activation and aging-related autoimmune inflammation.

Aging is associated with DNA accumulation and increased homeostatic proliferation of circulating T cells. Although these attributes are associated with aging-related autoimmunity, their direct contributions remain unclear. Conventionally, KU complex, the regulatory subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), together with the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK (DNA-PKcs), mediates DNA damage repair in the nucleus.

Peli1 impairs microglial Aβ phagocytosis through promoting C/EBPβ degradation.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, the molecular mechanism controlling microglial Aβ phagocytosis is poorly understood. Here we found that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino 1 (Peli1) is induced in the microglia of AD-like five familial AD (5×FAD) mice, whose phagocytic efficiency for Aβ was then impaired, and therefore Peli1 depletion suppressed the Aβ deposition in the brains of 5×FAD mice.

Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Thiocarbonylation of Styrenes.

A highly enantioselective thiocarbonylation of styrenes with CO and thiols has been achieved by Pd catalysis, providing highly enantioenriched thioesters in good to excellent yields. Key to the successful execution of this reaction is the use of a chiral sulfoxide-(P-dialkyl)-phosphine (SOP) ligands. This thiocarbonylation proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions (1 atm CO and 0 °C) and displays broad substrate scope.

Cu-Catalyzed S2' Substitution of Propargylic Phosphates with Vinylarene-Derived Chiral Nucleophiles: Synthesis of Chiral Allenes.

A new Cu-catalyzed enantioselective three-component (i.e., styrenes, Bpin, and propargylic phosphates) allenylation via an S2' substitution of propargylic electrophiles with vinylarene-derived chiral nucleophiles is presented.

Neuroprotective effect of gold nanoparticles composites in Parkinson's disease model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Although drugs and surgery can relieve the symptoms of PD, these therapies are incapable of fundamentally treating the disease. For PD patients, over-expression of α-synuclein (SNCA) leads to the death of dopaminergic neurons.

[Safety of promestriene capsule used in postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis].

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of promestriene capsule used in the treatment of postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis.

Methods: Fifty-three women at age of 45 - 75 years (more than one year history of menopause) diagnosed with postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis were enrolled in self-control study. They all had typicalsymptoms of postmenopausal vaginitis.