Advancing High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Carbazole-Modified 2PACz for Scalable Large-Area Fabrication.

The self-assembling molecule 2PACz tends to aggregate in thin films, which negatively impacts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) when used as a hole-transporting layer (HTL), particularly in large-area devices. To overcome this, a binary conjugated molecular system incorporating carbazole (Cz), which shares a similar backbone with 2PACz, is introduced. Despite the strong aggregation tendencies of 2PACz and Cz individually, their blend forms homogeneous films due to hydrogen bonding interactions between the two molecules.

Non-fullerene acceptors with high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield enable >20% efficiency organic solar cells.

The rational design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with both high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is of crucial importance for achieving high-efficiency and low-energy-loss organic solar cells (OSCs). However, increasing the crystallinity of an NFA tends to decrease its PLQY, which results in a high non-radiative energy loss in OSCs. Here we demonstrate that the crystallinity and PLQY of NFAs can be fine-tuned by asymmetrically adapting the branching position of alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor.

Basic Considerations for Data Pooling Strategy in Multi-Regional Clinical Trials (MRCTs).

The National Medical Products Administration of China has been implementing ICH E17, which describes the general principles for planning and designing of multi-regional clinical trials (MRCTs), yet there are several ambiguities in the execution and conduct remains in China or East Asia. In specific, pooling strategy, effect modifiers (EMs), statistical analysis, sample size allocation and their impact in alignment with global trial remains a challenge. In this paper, we explore on the criteria mentioned above under the context of China.

Symptom clusters and networks analysis in acute-phase stroke patients: a cross-sectional study.

The symptoms of stroke jeopardize patients' health and increase the burden on society and caregivers. Although the traditional symptom cluster research paradigm can enhance management efficiency, it fails to provide targets for intervention, thereby hindering the development of patient-centered precision medicine. However, the symptom network paradigm, as a novel research approach, addresses the limitations of traditional symptom management by identifying core symptoms and determining intervention targets, thereby enhancing the efficiency and precision of symptom management.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation for upper limb spasticity after stroke: effect and feasibility-a randomised pilot study.

Importance: Limb spasticity is a common issue among stroke patients. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is recommended as an alternative therapy for managing upper limb spasticity after stroke; however, its potential effects and feasibility remain uncertain.

Objective: To investigate the potential effects and feasibility of TEAS on motor function in patients with upper limb spasticity after stroke.

IL-33-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Acute Liver Failure by Improving Homing and Polarizing M2 Macrophages.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly effective in the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF). The efficacy of MSCs is closely related to the inflammatory environment. Therefore, we investigated the functional changes of MSCs in response to interleukin-33 (IL-33) stimulation.

Single-cell mosaic integration and cell state transfer with auto-scaling self-attention mechanism.

The integration of data from multiple modalities generated by single-cell omics technologies is crucial for accurately identifying cell states. One challenge in comprehending multi-omics data resides in mosaic integration, in which different data modalities are profiled in different subsets of cells, as it requires simultaneous batch effect removal and modality alignment. Here, we develop Multi-omics Mosaic Auto-scaling Attention Variational Inference (mmAAVI), a scalable deep generative model for single-cell mosaic integration.

Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Far-Red Light on Vegetable Crop Growth and Quality.

Far-red lights (FRs), with a wavelength range between 700 and 800 nm, have substantial impacts on plant growth, especially horticultural crops. Previous studies showed conflicting results on the effects of FRs on vegetable growth and quality. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis on the influence of FRs on vegetable growth, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of their effects on the growth and nutritional indicators of vegetables.

Regulating Electron-Phonon Coupling by Solid Additive for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

Strong electron-phonon coupling can hinder exciton transport and induce undesirable non-radiative recombination, resulting in a shortened exciton diffusion distance and constrained exciton dissociation in organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, suppressing electron-phonon coupling is crucially important for achieveing high-performance OSCs. Here, we employ the solid additive to regulating electron-phonon coupling in OSCs.

Technology of plant factory for vegetable crop speed breeding.

Sustaining crop production and food security are threatened by a burgeoning world population and adverse environmental conditions. Traditional breeding methods for vegetable crops are time-consuming, laborious, and untargeted, often taking several years to develop new and improved varieties. The challenges faced by a long breeding cycle need to be overcome.

Learning implementation of a guideline based decision support system to improve hypertension treatment in primary care in China: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) in improving the use of guideline accordant antihypertensive treatment in primary care settings in China.

Design: Pragmatic, open label, cluster randomised trial.

Setting: 94 primary care practices in four urban regions of China between August 2019 and July 2022: Luoyang (central China), Jining (east China), and Shenzhen (south China, including two regions).

Optimizing Double-Fibril Network Morphology via Solid Additive Strategy Enables Binary All-Polymer Solar Cells with 19.50% Efficiency.

Double-fibril network morphology (DFNM), in which the donor and the acceptor can self-assemble into a double-fibril structure, is beneficial for exciton dissociation and charge transport in organic solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that such DFNM can be constructed and optimized in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) with the assistance of 2-alkoxynaphthalene volatile solid additives. It is revealed that the incorporation of 2-alkoxynaphthalene can induce a stepwise regulation in the aggregation of donor and acceptor molecules during film casting and thermal annealing processes.

Conjugation-Broken Dimer Acceptors Enable High-Efficiency, Stable, and Flexibility-Robust Organic Solar Cells.

Dimer acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) offer distinct advantages, including a well-defined molecular structure and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility. Their high glass transition temperature (T) aids in achieving an optimal kinetic morphology, thereby enhancing device stability. Currently, most of dimer acceptor materials are linked with conjugated units in order to obtain high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).

Infiltration by monocytes of the central nervous system and its role in multiple sclerosis: reflections on therapeutic strategies.

Mononuclear macrophage infiltration in the central nervous system is a prominent feature of neuroinflammation. Recent studies on the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis have highlighted the multiple roles of mononuclear macrophages in the neuroinflammatory process. Monocytes play a significant role in neuroinflammation, and managing neuroinflammation by manipulating peripheral monocytes stands out as an effective strategy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, leading to improved patient outcomes.

MyD88 and Its Inhibitors in Cancer: Prospects and Challenges.

The interplay between the immune system and cancer underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In this context, the innate immune system plays a critical role in preventing tumor invasion. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is crucial for innate immunity, and activation of MyD88 promotes the production of inflammatory cytokines and induces infiltration, polarization, and immune escape of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

A novel subtype based on driver methylation-transcription in lung adenocarcinoma.

Aims: To identify driver methylation genes and a novel subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by multi-omics and elucidate its molecular features and clinical significance.

Methods: We collected LUAD patients from public databases, and identified driver methylation genes (DMGs) by MethSig and MethylMix algrothms. And novel driver methylation multi-omics subtypes were identified by similarity network fusion (SNF).

Enhancement of Mn, Fe and NH-N removal by biochar synergistic strains combined with activated sludge in real wastewater treatment.

Acinetobacter sp. AL-6 combining with biochar was adapted in activated sludge (AS & co-system) to decontaminate Mn, Fe and NH-N, and treat activated sludge (AS) for its activity and settling performance improvement. Specifically, the co-system promoted the growth of bacteria in the activated sludge, thus increasing its ability to nitrify and adsorb Mn and Fe, resulting in the removal of high concentrations of NH-N, Mn, Fe and COD in the reactor by 100%, 100%, 100%, and 96.

Adaptively leverage multiple real-world data sources for treatment effect estimation based on similarity.

The incorporation of real-world data (RWD) into medical product development and evaluation has exhibited consistent growth. However, there is no universally adopted method of how much information to borrow from external data. This paper proposes a study design methodology called Tree-based Monte Carlo (TMC) that dynamically integrates patients from various RWD sources to calculate the treatment effect based on the similarity between clinical trial and RWD.

Development of a machine learning-based model for predicting individual responses to antihypertensive treatments.

Background And Aims: Personalized antihypertensive drug selection is essential for optimizing hypertension management. The study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict individual blood pressure (BP) responses to different antihypertensive medications.

Methods And Results: We used data from a pragmatic, cluster-randomized trial on hypertension management in China.

Non-halogenated Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Approaching 20 % Efficiency and Improved Photostability.

The development of high-efficiency organic solar cells (OSCs) processed from non-halogenated solvents is crucially important for their scale-up industry production. However, owing to the difficulty of regulating molecular aggregation, there is a huge efficiency gap between non-halogenated and halogenated solvent processed OSCs. Herein, we fabricate o-xylene processed OSCs with approaching 20 % efficiency by incorporating a trimeric guest acceptor named Tri-V into the PM6:L8-BO-X host blend.

Characteristics and Influence Factors of Pb(II) Adsorption by Graphene Oxide-Montmorillonite Composite.

This study presents the fabrication of a novel porous composite of graphene oxide-montmorillonite (GO-MMT) through the modification of montmorillonite using the freeze-drying method for the purpose of Pb removal. The characterization of the GO-MMT composite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The results from batch adsorption experiments revealed that the GO-MMT composite exhibited a superior capacity for Pb removal compared to MMT.

Highly dangerous road hazards are not immune from the low prevalence effect.

The low prevalence effect (LPE) is a cognitive limitation commonly found in visual search tasks, in which observers miss rare targets. Drivers looking for road hazards are also subject to the LPE. However, not all road hazards are equal; a paper bag floating down the road is much less dangerous than a rampaging moose.

Road Hazard Stimuli: Annotated naturalistic road videos for studying hazard detection and scene perception.

Driving requires vision, yet there is little empirical data about how vision and cognition support safe driving. It is difficult to study perception during natural driving because the experimental rigor required would be dangerous and unethical to implement on the road. The driving environment is complex, dynamic, and immensely variable, making it extremely challenging to accurately replicate in simulation.

Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Novel Tetramers with Enhanced Glass Transition Temperature for High-Performance and Stable Organic Solar Cells.

Oligomer acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered substantial attention owing to their impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability. However, the simple and efficient synthesis of oligomer acceptors with higher glass transition temperatures (T ) remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we propose an innovative strategy for the synthesis of tetramers, denoted as Tet-n, with elevated T s, achieved through only two consecutive Stille coupling reactions.