Nonlinear excitation of energetic particle driven geodesic acoustic mode by resonance overlap with Alfvén instability in ASDEX Upgrade.

The Alfvén instability nonlinearly excited the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode on the ASDEX-Upgrade tokamak, as demonstrated experimentally. The mechanism of the energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode excitation and the mode nonlinear evolution is not yet fully understood. In the present work, a first-principles simulation using the MEGA code investigated the mode properties in both the linear growth and nonlinear saturated phases.

The impact of visual search in Chinese children with developmental dyslexia on reading comprehension: the mediating role of word detection skill and reading fluency.

Introduction: Previous research has highlighted the influence of visual search (VS) on reading comprehension (RC); however, the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain poorly understood, particularly in children with reading disabilities. This study explores disparities in VS, word detection skills (WD), reading fluency (RF), and RC between Chinese children with developmental dyslexia (DD) and their typically developing peers across different age groups.

Methods: The sample comprised 191 students from grades 2, 4, and 6, including 92 children with dyslexia and 99 chronological age-matched controls.

The Role and Mechanism of Rice Husk Ash Particle Characteristics in Cement Hydration Process.

Reactive rice husk ash (RHA) is used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) to prepare cement composite pastes. The impact of RHA content and the internal curing effect on the hydration process of the cementitious system was studied. The hydration heat, degree, and product content of the cement-RHA composite system at 3, 7, and 28 d were analyzed using hydration microcalorimetry, thermogravimetry, and XRD (Rietveld) analysis.

Performance Research and Engineering Application of Fiber-Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete.

Low strength and low impact toughness are two of the main issues affecting the use of lightweight aggregate concrete in harsh cold environments. In this study, the strength of concrete was improved by adding high-strength fibers to bear tensile stress and organize crack propagation. Four sets of comparative experiments were designed with freeze-thaw cycles of 0, 50, 100, and 150 to study the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete under freeze-thaw conditions.

The Synergistic Effect of Limestone Powder and Rice Husk Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Materials.

Fully utilizing solid waste as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) while ensuring the mechanical properties of cement-based materials is one of the pathways for carbon reduction in the cement industry. Understanding the effects of the two solid wastes-limestone powder (LP) and rice husk ash (RHA) on the mechanical properties of cement-based materials is of great significance for their application in concrete. This study investigates the impact of LP and RHA on the strength of cement mortar at various ages and the microhardness of hardened cement paste.

Plasma extracellular vesicle long RNA profiling identifies a predictive signature for immunochemotherapy efficacy in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: The introduction of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) has marked a paradigm shift in treating Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC), emphasizing the urgent need for precise molecular biomarkers to reliably forecast therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for immunochemotherapy efficacy by focusing on plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived long RNAs (exLRs).

Methods: We enrolled 78 advanced LUSC patients undergoing first-line immunochemotherapy.

Effect of peritoneal drainage on the prognosis following appendectomy in pediatric patients with appendicitis: a retrospective study based on appendicitis grade.

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of peritoneal drainage and its type on prognosis, encompassing postoperative recovery and complications, in pediatric patients (≤ 16 years old) following appendectomy based on the grade of appendicitis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed pediatric patients (≤ 16 years old) with appendicitis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in our center from January 2017 to January 2024 and classified them into grade I-V based on the grade of appendicitis, with V representing the most serious cases. The patients were grouped according to drainage status and type.

Heterogeneity in advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma and its efficacy to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer but rarely been explored in pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC). This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICIs for PSC and its underlying mechanism.

Methods: Advanced PSC who received ICIs between August 2018 and May 2022 from 11 centers in China were included.

Tepotinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification following progression on first-line osimertinib (INSIGHT 2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and MET amplification as a mechanism of resistance to first-line osimertinib have few treatment options. Here, we report the primary analysis of the phase 2 INSIGHT 2 study evaluating tepotinib, a highly selective MET inhibitor, combined with osimertinib in this population.

Methods: This open-label, phase 2 study was conducted at 179 academic centres and community clinics in 17 countries.

Evaluation of bi-directional causal association between obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and diabetic microangiopathy: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and diabetic microangiopathy remains controversial.

Objective: This study aimed to use bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) to assess the causal relationship between OSAS and diabetic microangiopathy.

Methods: First, we used the Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression(LDSC) analysis to assess the genetic correlation.

Med1 inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates liver injury in acute liver failure via Nrf2 activation.

Background: Extensive hepatocyte mortality and the absence of specific medical therapy significantly contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of acute liver failure (ALF). Ferroptosis is a crucial form of cell death involved in ALF. In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of Mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1) on ferroptosis and its potential hepatoprotective effects in ALF.

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Data from literature review and a real-world analysis.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIT) for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is supported by increasing data, but the sample size is limited, and the findings are not completely consistent. We conducted a real-world study and a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NCIT in locally advanced ESCC.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the outcomes of patients with locally advanced ESCC who completed NICT and subsequent esophagectomy at our hospital between January 2019 and December 2022, including pathological complete response (pCR) rate, major pathological response (MPR) rate, 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates, disease control rate (DCR), objective response rate (ORR), 1-year recurrence rate, R0 resection rate and adverse events.

Systemic immune index predicts tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte intensity and immunotherapy response in small cell lung cancer.

Background: Despite recent progresses in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), a lack of understanding regarding the systemic tumor immune environment (STIE) and local tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) makes it difficult to accurately predict clinical outcomes and identify potential beneficiaries from ICB therapy.

Methods: We enrolled 191 patients with stage I-III SCLC and comprehensively evaluated the prognostic role of STIE by several quantitative measurements, and further integrate it with a local immune score system (LISS) established by eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm. We also test the value of STIE in beneficiary selection in our independent advanced SCLC cohort receiving programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade therapy.

PD-L1 mRNA derived from tumor-educated platelets as a potential immunotherapy biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: To date, the role of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) messenger RNA (mRNA) derived from tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) has not been well investigated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A few reports have examined whether mRNA in TEPs can predict the clinical responses of patients with advanced NSCLC following immunotherapy. This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers to improve the clinical benefits and outcomes of NSCLC patients.

Mechanisms of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in ROS1 Fusion-Positive Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: ROS1 fusion-positive (ROS1+) nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are highly sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatments. However, acquired TKI resistance remains the major hurdle preventing patients from experiencing prolonged benefits.

Methods: 107 advanced or metastatic ROS1+ NSCLC patients who progressed on crizotinib and lorlatinib were recruited.

Predict the Gelling Properties of Alkali-Induced Egg White Gel Based on the Freshness of Duck Eggs.

Preserved egg white (PEW) has excellent gelling properties but is susceptible to the freshness of raw eggs. In this study, the correlation between the comprehensive freshness index (CFI) of raw eggs and the gelling properties of alkali-induced egg white gel (EWG) was elucidated. Results showed that the CFI, established by a principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression analysis (SRA) methods, can be used to predict the freshness of duck eggs under storage conditions of 25 °C and 4 °C.

Mesenchymal stem cell-regulated miRNA-mRNA landscape in acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a major challenge in the field of hepatology. While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can improve the prognosis of patients with ACLF, the molecular mechanisms through which MSCs attenuate ACLF remain poorly understood. We performed global miRNA and mRNA expression profiling via next-generation sequencing of liver tissues from MSC-treated ACLF mice to identify important signaling pathways and major factors implicated in ACLF alleviation by MSCs.

Isolation and characterization of Akabane virus Ib substrain and its pathogenesis in sulking mice.

• Akabane ​virus ​sub-lineage ​genogroup ​Ib ​was ​identified ​and ​isolated ​in ​China ​for ​the ​first ​time. • The suckling mice showed clinical symptoms after intracerebrally infected with LK07 strain. • Viral antigen was detected in brain of mice infected with LK07 strain via IC, IP and SC routes.