EDA-Enabled Three-Component Polarity-Crossover Cyclization: Modular Installation of Fully Substituted γ-Lactams.

A photoinduced three-component radical addition-aminalization cascade was accomplished, enabling rapid assembly of a wide range of densely functionalized γ-lactams. Key to this transformation is the electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) generation of enamine and in situ trapping of an iminium intermediate with bromodifluoroacetamide. This rationally designed protocol fully takes advantage of the polarity crossover (enamine-iminium) in the process, providing the modular assembly of previously inaccessible scaffolds.

Enantioselective 1,2-Carboamination of 1,3-Dienes with -Hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) Esters Enabled by a Photoinduced Pd Catalysis.

Herein, a photoinduced, Pd-catalyzed direct 1,2-carboamination of conjugated 1,3-dienes has been successfully achieved. Sequential regioselective C-C bond and enantioselective C-N bond formation allows rapid assembly of a wide range of value-added chiral allylic amines from readily available -hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and 1,3-dienes under mild conditions. This developed protocol further demonstrates the versatility and potency of the photoexcited Pd catalytic system with a bifunctional reagent in the streamlined difunctionalization of C═C bonds.

Delayed admission to hospital with proper prehospital treatments prevents severely burned patients from sepsis in China: A retrospective study.

Background: Sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in burn patients. However, the optimal timing of admission which can minimize the probability of sepsis is still unclear. This study aims to determine the optimal time period of admission for severely burned patients and find out the possible reasons for it.

Pyramid-Shaped Superhydrophobic Surfaces for Underwater Drag Reduction.

Superhydrophobic surfaces hold immense potential in underwater drag reduction. However, as the Reynolds number increases, the drag reduction rate decreases, and it may even lead to a drag increase. The reason lies in the collapse of the air mattress.

Age-related alveolar bone maladaptation in adult orthodontics: finding new ways out.

Compared with teenage patients, adult patients generally show a slower rate of tooth movement and more pronounced alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment, indicating the maladaptation of alveolar bone homeostasis under orthodontic force. However, this phenomenon is not well-elucidated to date, leading to increased treatment difficulties and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes in adult orthodontics. Aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge and further inspire insightful understanding towards this issue, this review summarizes the current evidence and underlying mechanisms.

Promoting the sustainable development of traditional villages: Exploring the comprehensive assessment, spatial and temporal evolution, and internal and external impacts of traditional village human settlements in hunan province.

The protection and development of traditional villages are crucial for improving the human settlement suitability (HSS). The paper takes 703 traditional villages in Hunan Province as the research object and establishes the HSS evaluation system by using the pressure-state-response model. Then this paper introduces the vector autoregressive model to explore the interactions and contributions within the three major subsystems.

Intramolecular chaperone-assisted dual-anchoring activation (ICDA): a suitable preorganization for electrophilic halocyclization.

The halocyclization reaction represents one of the most common methodologies for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. Many efforts have been made to balance the relationship between structure, reactivity and selectivity, including the design of new electrophilic halogenation reagents and the utilization of activating strategies. However, discovering universal reagents or activating strategies for electrophilic halocyclization remains challenging due to the case-by-case practice for different substrates or different cyclization models.

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorate Aging-Induced BTB Impairment in Porcine Testes by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting ROS/NLRP3 Inflammasomes via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

As a pivotal player in spermatogenesis, the blood-testis barrier (BTB) made from junction apparatus coexisting in Sertoli cells (SCs) is impaired with an increase in age and ultimately induces spermatogenic dysfunction or even infertility. It has been corroborated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation can efficiently repair and regenerate the testicular function. As vital mediators of cell-to-cell communication, MSC-derived exosomes (Exos) can directly serve as therapeutic agents for tissue repair and regeneration.

Themes and ideologies in China's diplomatic discourse - a corpus-assisted discourse analysis in China's official speeches.

Diplomatic discourse is a formalized form of political communication that significantly influences a country's international perception. However, there is a research gap in the analysis of China's diplomatic discourse, particularly in relation to the speeches available on the official Chinese Foreign Ministry website. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a quantitative and qualitative analysis of China's diplomatic speeches.

Analysis of collaborative control of dairy product supply chain quality based on evolutionary games: Perspectives from government intervention and market failure.

Dairy quality affects the health and quality of life of consumers. Implementing supply chain management and collaborative quality control is an effective way to solve dairy quality problems. Based on the perspective of the combination of market failure and government intervention, this paper analyzes the conditions for the realization of collaborative quality control between dairy farmers and dairy processors.

Comprehensive evaluation of community human settlement resilience and spatial characteristics based on the supply-demand mismatch between health activities and environment: a case study of downtown Shanghai, China.

Introduction: Under globalization, human settlement has become a major risk factor affecting life. The relationship between humans and the environment is crucial for improving community resilience and coping with globalization. This study focuses on the key contradictions of community development under globalization, exploring community resilience by analyzing the mismatch between residents' health activities and the environment.

Effects of sediment dredging on freshwater system: a comprehensive review.

As a common geo-engineering method to control internal load of nutrients and pollutants, sediment dredging has been used in many freshwater basins and has achieved certain effects. However, dredging can disturb water bodies and substrates and cause secondary pollution. It negatively affects the water environment system mainly from the following aspects.

Quantitative assessment, spatial and temporal characteristics, and dynamic evolution of carbon emissions from animal husbandry in China: 2001-2020.

Carbon emissions from animal agriculture are a major source of global greenhouse gases. This paper measures the spatial and temporal characteristics and evolution patterns of carbon emissions from livestock farming in China and 31 provinces from 2001 to 2020 based on IPCC coefficients. The paper also uses Moran's I index, kernel density estimation, and spatial Markov chains for the analysis.

Identification of molecular signatures in acute myocardial infarction based on integrative analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases, characterized by a rapid and irreversible decline in myocardial function. Early detection of patients with MI and prolonging the optimal therapeutic window of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are particularly important. This study aimed to identify the diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for acute myocardial infarction.

Recent Advances in Asymmetric Catalysis Associated with B(CF).

The prevalence and significance of asymmetric catalysis in the modern medicinal industry has been witnessed in recent years, which have already been used to manufacture the (S)-Naproxen and the (S)-Propranolol. With matched specificities such as the Lewis acidity and steric bulk, B(CF) has gained accelerating attention on its application in asymmetric catalysis of Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions, carbonyl-ene cyclization, and other various reactions, which have been demonstrated by the elegant examples from the most recent literature. Some significant progress in the reaction of indirect activation of substrates through in situ generation of numerous supramolecular catalysts from B(CF) based on Lewis-acid-assisted Lewis acid (LLA) or Lewis acid assisted Brønsted acid (LBA) strategies or the reaction promoted by cooperative actions of chiral co-catalysts and B(CF) which played a direct role on the activation of substrates have been demonstrated in this review.