Molecular mechanism of proteolytic cleavage-dependent activation of CadC-mediated response to acid in E. coli.

Colonizing in the gastrointestinal tract, Escherichia coli confronts diverse acidic challenges and evolves intricate acid resistance strategies for its survival. The lysine-mediated decarboxylation (Cad) system, featuring lysine decarboxylase CadA, lysine/cadaverine antiporter CadB, and transcriptional activator CadC, plays a crucial role in E. coli's adaptation to moderate acidic stress.

Revealing the Chemical and Structural Evolution of VO Nanoribbons in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using in Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy.

Layer-structured vanadium oxide (VO) nanoribbons with efficient electron transport and short lithium ion insertion lengths are promising candidates for high-performance lithium-ion battery applications. Despite the extensive investigation of its electrochemical properties, the chemical and structural evolution during lithiation-delithiation processes has rarely been characterized in real time. Herein, the lithiation-delithiation behaviors of VO nanoribbons are probed by in situ transmission electron microscopy.

In Situ TEM of Phosphorus-Dopant-Induced Nanopore Formation in Delithiated Silicon Nanowires.

Through in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, we report the behaviors of phosphorus (P)-doped silicon nanowires (SiNWs) during electrochemical lithiation/delithiation cycling. Upon lithiation, lithium (Li) insertion causes volume expansion and formation of the crystalline LiSi phase in the P-doped SiNWs. During delithiation, vacancies induced by Li extraction aggregate gradually, leading to the generation of nanopores.

Ionic Conduction in Composite Polymer Electrolytes: Case of PEO:Ga-LLZO Composites.

By dispersing LiGaLaZrO (Ga-LLZO) nanoparticles in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix, PEO:Ga-LLZO composite polymer electrolytes are synthesized. The PEO: Ga-LLZO composite with 16 vol % Ga-LLZO nanoparticles shows a conductivity of 7.2 × 10 S cm at 30 °C, about 4 orders of magnitude higher than the conductivity of PEO.