Large electronegativity differences between adjacent atomic sites activate and stabilize ZnInS for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Photocatalytic overall water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen is desirable for long-term renewable, sustainable and clean fuel production on earth. Metal sulfides are considered as ideal hydrogen-evolved photocatalysts, but their component homogeneity and typical sulfur instability cause an inert oxygen production, which remains a huge obstacle to overall water-splitting. Here, a distortion-evoked cation-site oxygen doping of ZnInS (D-O-ZIS) creates significant electronegativity differences between adjacent atomic sites, with S sites being electron-rich and S sites being electron-deficient in the local structure of S-S-O sites.

Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that -acetylcysteine partially reverses hepatic immune dysfunction in biliary atresia.

Background & Aims: Our previous study indicated that CD177 neutrophil activation has a vital role in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA), which is partially ameliorated by -acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Here, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of NAC treatment and profiled liver-resident immune cells via single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to provide a comprehensive immune landscape of NAC-derived immune regulation.

Methods: A pilot clinical study was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of intravenous NAC treatment on infants with BA, and a 3-month follow-up was carried out to assess treatment efficacy.

Modified single-port versus multiport laparoscopic choledochal cysts excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy: a retrospective comparative cohort study.

Background: The feasibility, benefit, and safety of multiport laparoscopic choledochal cyst (CDC) excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticoenterostomy (MPCH) have been consistently confirmed. Single-port laparoscopic CDC excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticoenterostomy (SPCH) has advantages of less traumatic and more cosmetic beneficial, it has been reported in some case series, but it is technically challenging. We propose a modified technique to reduce technical difficulty in performing SPCH.

CD177 cells produce neutrophil extracellular traps that promote biliary atresia.

Background & Aims: We have previously reported on the potential pathogenic role of neutrophils in biliary atresia (BA). Herein, we aimed to delineate the role of CD177+ neutrophils in the pathogenesis of BA.

Methods: Immune cells from the livers of mice with rhesus rotavirus-induced BA were analysed.

Nomogram for Estimating the Risks of Intestinal Ischemia and Necrosis in Neonates With Midgut Volvulus: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Delayed diagnosis and inaccurate judgment of the severity of the disease may be the principal reasons for the poor prognosis associated with neonatal midgut volvulus. We aimed to develop a nomogram model that timely assesses the risks of intestinal ischemia and necrosis in the neonate with midgut volvulus.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from neonates with midgut volvulus who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from January 2009 to December 2019.

Timing of operation in children with a prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst: A single-center retrospective study.

Background/purpose: There is currently no consensus on the timing of operative correction for patients with a prenatal diagnosis of choledochal cyst (CDC). This study aims to retrospectively analyze patients with prenatally diagnosed CDCs to identify the optimal timing of operative correction and the importance of cyst size as a predictor of the appearance of symptoms related to the CDC.

Methods: We reviewed 125 patients with a prenatal diagnosis of CDC who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from July 2015 to July 2020.

Long-term prophylactic intravenous antibiotics after Kasai portoenterostomy for biliary atresia do not reduce the risks of post-operative cholangitis, a retrospective study.

Background: Postoperative cholangitis (PC) is the most common and serious complication of biliary atresia (BA) patients post-Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). The duration of prophylactic intravenous antibiotics (IVA) after KPE varies with no clear consensus. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to explore the effects of IVA duration on preventing post-operative cholangitis and analyze the risk factors for cholangitis and short-term prognosis.

Flexible endoscopic identification and catheterization of congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula using a laryngeal mask.

Endoscopy for revealing the orifice of congenital H-type tracheoesophageal fistula (cTEF) is important for diagnostics and therapeutics. To facilitate the identification and catheterization of cTEF, we developed a new modified flexible endoscopy technique using a laryngeal mask with intermittent airflow. A retrospective case series study was conducted from April 2016 to July 2019 at a national regional children's medical center.

Early enteral feeding versus traditional feeding in neonatal congenital gastrointestinal malformation undergoing intestinal anastomosis: A randomized multicenter controlled trial of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) component.

Purpose: the aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of early enteral feeding (EEN) following intestinal anastomosis in neonates with congenital gastrointestinal malformation.

Methods: a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial (registered under chictr.org.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for congenital diaphragmatic hernia: how to begin?

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is critical for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), who fails to achieve adequate oxygenation with conventional management. We aim to evaluate initial experiences with ECMO support in a tertiary women and children's medical center in mainland China.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the establishment of ECMO for CDH Program in our center and analysis of five CDH neonates, who underwent repair during ECMO between December 2016 and December 2018.

Protocol for enhanced recovery after surgery with 3D laparoscopic excision for choledochal cysts can benefit the recovery process.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) with laparoscopic choledochal cyst (CDC) excision in children.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the clinical data from 33 in-patients whose final diagnosis was CDC. We included 18 patients who underwent the traditional treatment for CDC from April 2017 to October 2017 as the control group and 15 patients who underwent the enhanced recovery protocol (ERP) from November 2017 to May 2018 as the ERAS group.

Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Laponite/PLGA Composite Scaffolds for Urethra Tissue Engineering.

The purpose of this study was to construct a biomimetic urethral repair substitute. The nano-Laponite/polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer (PLGA) fiber scaffolds were produced to replicate the natural human urethra tissue microenvironment. PLGA (molar ratio 50:50) and Laponite were used in this study as raw materials.

Comparison of outcomes following three surgical techniques for patients with severe jejunoileal atresia.

Background: Severe jejunoileal atresia is associated with prolonged parenteral nutrition, higher mortality and secondary surgery. However, the ideal surgical management of this condition remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with severe jejunoileal atresia treated by three different procedures.

Middle-term bowel function and quality of life in low-type anorectal malformation.

Background: Low-type anorectal malformations (ARMs) are considered benign; however, in China, data regarding such conditions are limited. Thus, this study aimed to assess the middle-term bowel functions and quality of life (QOL) among children with low-type ARM.

Methods: Children > 3 years of age who underwent treatment for low-type ARM (vestibular fistula [VF] and perineal fistula [PF]) during 2013 and healthy children were included.

[Cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants less than 5 kg].

Objective: To summarize the experience of cannulation for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants less than 5 kg.

Methods: Eleven infants with ECMO support who weighed less than 5 kg were admitted to critical care medicine of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center from June 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled. Retrospective analysis of support type, configuration, site of cannula and complication of ECMO was performed.

The Role of Neonatal Gr-1 Myeloid Cells in a Murine Model of Rhesus-Rotavirus-Induced Biliary Atresia.

Activation of innate immunity together with cholangiocyte damage occurs in biliary atresia (BA). However, detailed information on the inflammatory cells involved is lacking. This study investigates both the pathophysiology of CD11bGr-1 cells in a mouse model of BA and their presence in BA patients.

Is the Bishop-Koop procedure useful in severe jejunoileal atresia?

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report our experience using the Bishop-Koop procedure for the treatment of various surgical problems of jejunoileal atresia including luminal discrepancy, complex meconium peritonitis, type IIIb and type IV atresia which we defined as severe jejunoileal atresia.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed on the patients with severe jejunoileal atresia who underwent Bishop-Koop procedure at a tertiary center in China over a five year of period. The mortality, complication rate, nutrition status and the risk factors for postoperative adverse outcomes were explored.

Neonatal Gastric Perforation: Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: We reported clinical findings of neonatal gastric perforation in a tertiary children's hospital.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for neonatal gastric perforation between 1980 and 2016. Factors including sex, gestational age, birth weight, age, main symptoms and signs, white blood cell count (WBC), surgical intervention time (time between development of main symptom and surgical intervention), surgical findings, pathologic results, clinical outcomes, and causes of death were collected.

Autoimmune liver disease-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of autoimmune liver disease (ALD)-related autoantibodies in patients with biliary atresia (BA).

Methods: Sera of 124 BA patients and 140 age-matched non-BA controls were assayed for detection of the following autoantibodies: ALD profile and specific anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs), by line-blot assay; ANA and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA), by indirect immunofluorescence assay; specific ANCAs and anti-M2-3E, by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Associations of these autoantibodies with the clinical features of BA (.

Analysis of the clinical outcomes of fetal bowel dilatation combined with other abnormal ultrasonographic features.

Objectives: To explore the significance of fetal bowel dilatation combined with other abnormal ultrasound features in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal malformation.

Methods: A retrospective study of fetuses with bowel dilatation was performed, from August 2012 to October 2015. All the cases were identified from the ultrasound database and all observations of the relationship of prenatal abnormal abdominal ultrasound features and intestinal malformation were performed through the infancy stage.

Differentiation between cystic biliary atresia and choledochal cyst: A retrospective analysis.

Aim: Cystic biliary atresia (CBA) can be easily misdiagnosed as choledochal cyst (CC). Some patients have already progressed to severe liver fibrosis and missed the optimal surgical time, when the differential diagnosis is made. We aim to determine the differentiation between CBA and CC, and to validate the value of aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) in the assessment of liver fibrosis and prediction of post-operative outcome for infants with biliary cystic malformations (BCMs).

CSF-Based Analysis for Identification of Potential Serum Biomarkers of Neural Tube Defects.

The protein composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neural tube defects (NTDs) remains unknown. We investigated the protein composition of CSF from 9 infants with NTDs using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). We identified 568 proteins in the CSF of infants with spina bifida, which is the most common type of NTD.

Bowel management program for pediatric postoperative fecal incontinence in China: A surgeon's experience.

The purpose of this article is to report the status of the efficacy of and long-term adherence to the Bowel Management Program (BMP) for fecal incontinence (FI) postoperation in China.Children over 3 years of age with FI postoperation referred to our medical center were included in the study. Evaluations were performed before and 2 years after their clinic visit.