Energy evolution and crack development characteristics of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycles by digital image correlation.

Freeze-thaw erosion is the main reason for rock mass instability in cold regions and poses major threats to public safety. In this study, the stress threshold, energy, and strain field evolution of sandstone and the variation in stress intensity factor of fractures in various stress fields were all investigated after freeze-thaw cycles by uniaxial compression tests and digital image correlation technology. The results show that the elastic modulus, crack initiation stress, and peak stress all fell by 97%, 92.

The Role of Rheological Additives on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill.

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) has become a significant structural material in most mines across the world. In this study, the effects of chemical rheological additives including viscosity modifying agent (i.e.