PM Exposure Inhibits Transepithelial Anion Short-circuit Current by Downregulating P2Y2 Receptor/CFTR Pathway.

Fine particulate matter (PM) can damage airway epithelial barriers. The anion transport system plays a crucial role in airway epithelial barriers. However, the detrimental effect and mechanism of PM on the anion transport system are still unclear.

COL8A1 is a potential prognostic biomarker associated with migration, proliferation, and tumor microenvironment in glioma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common primary central nervous system tumor. The molecular mechanisms of glioma are unknown, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, exploring the underlying mechanisms and screening for new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets is crucial.

Spinster homolog 2 reduces malignancies of glioblastoma via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway.

The molecular mechanisms of glioblastoma (GBM) are unclear, and the prognosis is poor. Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) is reportedly involved in pathological processes such as immune response, vascular development, and cancer. However, the biological function and molecular role of SPNS2 in GBM are unclear.

VASN promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the YAP/TAZ and AKT signaling pathways via YAP.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. Vasorin (VASN) has been reported to be critical in tumor development and angiogenesis. However, VASN has not been reported in CRC, and its role is unclear.

PD-L1/PD-L1 signalling promotes colorectal cancer cell migration ability through RAS/MEK/ERK.

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is widely known as an immune checkpoint, and immunotherapy through the inhibition of checkpoint molecules has become an important component in the successful treatment of tumours via programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 signalling pathways. However, its biological functions and expression profile in colorectal cancer (CRC) are elusive. We previously found that PD-L1 can bind to PD-L1 and cause cell detachment.

The therapeutic effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth on a rat model of tracheal fistula.

Background: Tracheal fistulas (TF) can be dangerous and even fatal in patients. The current treatment is really challenging. Previous studies reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be used to treat respiratory tract fistulas.

Overexpression of PD-L1 causes germ cells to slough from mouse seminiferous tubules via the PD-L1/PD-L1 interaction.

Spermatogenesis is a cyclical process in which different generations of spermatids undergo a series of developmental steps at a fixed time and finally produce spermatids. Here, we report that overexpression of PD-L1 (B7 homolog1) in the testis causes sperm developmental disorders and infertility in male mice, with severe malformation and sloughing during spermatid development, characterized by disorganized and collapsed seminiferous epithelium structure. PD-L1 needs to be simultaneously expressed on Sertoli cells and spermatogonia to cause spermatogenesis failure.

Spinster homolog 2 in cancers, its functions and mechanisms.

Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) is a multi-transmembrane transporter, widely located in the cell membrane and organelle membranes. It transports sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into the extracellular space and the circulatory system, thus alters the concentration and the distribution of S1P, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PRs) and S1P related enzymes, meaning that it exerts its functions via S1P signaling pathways. Studies also show that ectopic SPNS2 mediates parts of the physiological process of the cells.

Variable Responses to CFTR Correctors : Estimating the Design Effect in Precision Medicine.

Interest in precision medicine has grown in recent years due to the variable clinical benefit provided by some medications, their cost, and by new opportunities to tailor therapies to individual patients. In cystic fibrosis it may soon be possible to test several corrector drugs that improve the folding and functional expression of mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) prospectively using cells from a patient to find the one that is best for that individual. Patient-to-patient variation in cell culture responses to correctors and the reproducibility of those responses has not been studied quantitatively.

Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuates pulmonary artery and right ventricular remodeling in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure.

Aim: Pulmonary hypertension due to left heart failure (PH-LHF) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension. However, therapies for PH-LHF are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the effects and potential mechanism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment in an experimental model of PH-LHF.

Most bicarbonate secretion by Calu-3 cells is mediated by CFTR and independent of pendrin.

Bicarbonate plays an important role in airway host defense, however, its transport mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we examined the relative contributions of the anion channel CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ABCC7) and the anion exchanger pendrin (SLC26A4) to HCO secretion by the human airway cell line Calu-3. Pendrin and CFTR were both detected in parental Calu-3 cells, although mRNA and protein expression appeared higher for CFTR than for pendrin.

Basolateral chloride loading by the anion exchanger type 2: role in fluid secretion by the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3.

Anion exchanger type 2 (AE2 or SLC4A2) is an electroneutral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchanger expressed at the basolateral membrane of many epithelia. It is thought to participate in fluid secretion by airway epithelia. However, the role of AE2 in fluid secretion remains uncertain, due to the lack of specific pharmacological inhibitors, and because it is electrically silent and therefore does not contribute directly to short-circuit current (I(sc)).

Bicarbonate-dependent chloride transport drives fluid secretion by the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3.

Anion and fluid secretion are both defective in cystic fibrosis (CF); however, the transport mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, Cl(-) and HCO(3)(-) secretion was measured using genetically matched CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-deficient and CFTR-expressing cell lines derived from the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3. Forskolin stimulated the short-circuit current (I(sc)) across voltage-clamped monolayers, and also increased the equivalent short-circuit current (I(eq)) calculated under open-circuit conditions.

Functional studies of acid transporter in cultured rat epididymal cell.

Objective: To explore the functional role of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in the pH regulation of epididymal fluid and its effect on sperm motility.

Design: Experimental study.

Setting: Physiology laboratory in a university.

Trimethyltin chloride induced chloride secretion across rat distal colon.

TMT (trimethyltin chloride), an organotin, is ubiquitous in the environment. The consumption of contaminated food may cause exposure of the human diet to this toxic compound. The present study was to investigate the effects of TMT on the regulation of ion transport across the rat distal colon.