Endovascular Denervation for the Improvement of Limb Ischemia in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular denervation (EDN) as an adjunct to percutaneous vascular intervention (PVI) for peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods: From August 2019 to April 2021, 38 eligible patients with PAD enrolled in this study were randomly and equally assigned into 2 groups: the PVI group and the PVI + EDN group treated with EDN at the iliac and femoral arteries before PVI. The primary endpoint was the improvement in the ankle brachial index at 6 months after the procedure.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cellsderived exosomes stabilize atherosclerosis through inhibiting pyroptosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-derived exosomes (BMSC-EXO) on atherosclerosis (AS), and its related underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Exosomes were isolated from mouse BMSCs, and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanosight (NTA), and western blot. A mouse AS model was established, and exosomes were injected into the tail vein.

Placement of Bare Self-Expanding Metal Stent for Isolated Superior Mesenteric Artery Dissection.

Background: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of placing bare self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) for treating isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection (ISMAD).

Method: Patients with ISMAD who received bare SEMS from January 2014 to December 2021 at the authors' center were included. Baseline characteristics, clinical manifestation, radiological findings, and treatment outcomes, including symptom relief and SMA remodeling, were analyzed.

Risk Factors for Access-Related Adverse Events Related to the Preclose Technique in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Purpose: To analyze the risk factors for access-related adverse events (AEs) of the preclose technique in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-one patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection who underwent the preclose technique in TEVAR between January 2013 and December 2021 were included. According to the occurrence of access-related AEs, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those with AE and those without AE.

Iron Together with Lipid Downregulates Protein Levels of Ceruloplasmin in Macrophages Associated with Rapid Foam Cell Formation.

Aim: Iron accumulation in foam cells was previously shown to be involved in atherogenesis. However, the mechanism for iron accumulation was not clarified. Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an important factor in cellular iron efflux and was found to be downregulated in atherosclerotic plaques in our previous study.

[Testing the influence of lipid laden and iron-overloading on ceruloplasmin expression in RAW 264.7 cells].

Objective: To investigate whether the treatment of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) could reduce ceruloplasmin (Cp) expression and then, influence iron efflux in macrophages.

Methods: RAW264.7 cells were treated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), deferoxamine (DFO) and ox-LDL.

Mitochondrion-Targeted Peptide SS-31 Inhibited Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins-Induced Foam Cell Formation through both ROS Scavenging and Inhibition of Cholesterol Influx in RAW264.7 Cells.

Foam cell formation as a result of imbalance of modified cholesterol influx and efflux by macrophages is a key to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SS-31 is a member of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides shown to specifically target the inner mitochondrial membrane to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

Low expression of ferroxidases is implicated in the iron retention in human atherosclerotic plaques.

The effect of iron on the progress of atherosclerosis is still controversial. To explore the relationship between atherosclerotic plaques and iron metabolism and how iron is accumulated in plaque macrophages, we performed Oil red O staining to detect the lipid of the atherosclerotic plaques, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the intracellular lipids (total cholesterol, free cholesterol) and serum hepcidin, Western-blot to examine the iron-related proteins, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays to localize ferroportin 1 in macrophages. The contents of serum iron and transferrin saturation were measured.