Effect of Packaging Materials and the Leached Iron on the Stability of Butorphanol Tartrate Injection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various parameters on the stability of butorphanol tartrate injection and to screen the optimal packaging material. The effect of the headspace oxygen levels, ampoule color, manufacturer, and size on the stability of butorphanol tartrate formulation were evaluated. The headspace oxygen levels controlled by nitrogen purging were found to be particularly effective in improving stability of the butorphanol formulation, especially below 2%.

Small magnet aspiration as a pediatric emergency: a case report.

Tracheobronchial airway foreign body aspiration (FBA) in children is a common and serious pediatric medical emergency. With the increasing use of small magnets in home offices, in toys and the kitchen, inhalation of small magnets has become an increasing risk to children. We present a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with cough and dyspnea three days following inhalation of an 3 cm-sized oval magnet.

[Clinical study of post-operative pain following coblation tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children with sleep-disordered breathing].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of post-operative pain following coblation tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and explore the correlation between the first day post-operative pain scores and age and operating time.

Method: 1) A total of 113 SDB children scheduled to undergo coblation tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy were recruited. 113 children were divided into two groups according to the method of operation, children who underwent coblation tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were enrolled in study group one and children who underwent coblation adenoidectomy only were in study group two.

[Study of arousal index in children with sleep-disordered breathing].

Objective: To explore which index is more suitable to show the degree of sleep fragment in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: Between October 2009 and August 2011, Forty-five children (4 - 8 years) who were diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) were enrolled in OSAHS group[obstructive apnea index (OAI) > 1 times/h or apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 times/h, lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) < 0.92] and 54 children were enrolled in SDB group (1 ≤ AHI ≤ 5 times/h and OAI ≤ 1 times/h), 18 children with chorditis nodules made up control group (AHI < 1 times/h and LSaO2 ≥ 0.

[Reasons of multiple operations in children with airway foreign body].

Objective: To explore the reasons of multiple operations in children with airway foreign body through analyzing the clinical data of children who received two or more operations.

Methods: From 2003 to 2009, all children with airway foreign body who received two or more operations in hospital were enrolled. The clinical manifestations, image before and after operation and intraoperative conditions were retrospectively analyzed, in order to find the reasons of multiple operations.

[Correlation between serum uric acid levels and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome in children].

Objective: To explore the level of serum uric acid (UA) in children with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Method: Between Sep. 2008 and Mar.

[The observation of the ciliotoxicity of nasal mucosa with nasal decongestant].

Objective: To study the ciliotoxicity of nasalmucosal with nasal decongestant, in order to choose the appropriate nasal decongestant.

Method: (1) Selected 100 healthy volunteers, by using 0.05% hydrochloride oxymetazoline, 0.