Exploring the neuroprotection of the combination of astragaloside A, chlorogenic acid and scutellarin in treating chronic cerebral ischemia via network analysis and experimental validation.

Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) primarily causes cognitive dysfunction and other neurological impairments, yet there remains a lack of ideal therapeutic medications. The preparation combination of (Fisch.) Bunge and (Vant.

Broadband Spin-Dependent Directional Coupler via Single Optimized Metallic Catenary Antenna.

With the rapid development of on-chip optics, integrated optical devices with better performance are desirable. Waveguide couplers are the typical integrated optical devices, allowing for the fast transmission and conversion of optical signals in a broad working band. However, traditional waveguide couplers are limited by the narrow operation band to couple the spatial light into the chip and the fixed unidirectional transmission of light flow.

A Strategy for Amide to β-Oxo Ester Transformation via -Alkenoxypyridinium Salts as the Activator and HO as the Nucleophile.

-Alkenoxypyridinium salts were found to be highly active electrophilic reagents that could be used to activate the C-N bond of amides. Both aromatic amides and aliphatic amides could be transformed into the corresponding β-oxo esters with good yields via the combined use of -alkenoxypyridinium salts and water. The methodology proceeds under mild reaction conditions and is tolerant of various functional groups in both reaction partners.

Silver(i)-catalyzed addition of pyridine-N-oxides to alkynes: a practical approach for N-alkenoxypyridinium salts.

A smooth catalytic approach to N-alkenoxypyridinium salts by using pyridine-N-oxides as the nucleophilic partner with alkynes under acidic conditions has been developed. This method uses different Ag(i) salts, with 5% AgOAc being the most efficient, to provide an efficient, practical and alternative way to obtain valuable N-alkenoxypyridinium salts with good to excellent yields (up to 93%).