Physical activity and constipation: A systematic review of cohort studies.

Background: Constipation significantly impacts quality of life and is a common public health issue. For affected individuals, especially those who are inactive and experience constipation symptoms, it is recommended to engage in physical activity (PA) to improve their condition. However, the relationship between PA and improvement in constipation remains unclear.

Extended-period AOSLO imaging in the living human retina without pupil dilation: a feasibility study.

imaging using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) is challenging, especially over extended periods. Pharmacological agents, administered as eye drops, are commonly used to dilate the pupil and paralyse accommodation, to improve image quality. However, they are contraindicated in some scenarios.

Precipitation variation: a key factor regulating plant diversity in semi-arid livestock grazing lands.

Livestock presence impacts plant biodiversity (species richness) in grassland ecosystems, yet extent and direction of grazing impacts on biodiversity vary greatly across inter-annual periods. In this study, an 8-year (2014-2021) grazing gradient experiment with sheep was conducted in a semi-arid grassland to investigate the impact of grazing under different precipitation variability on biodiversity. The results suggest no direct impact of grazing on species richness in semi-arid grassland.

[Current status of animal experiment report of acupuncture intervention in chronic fatigue syndrome based on ARRIVE guidelines and GSPC list].

Objective: To analyze the current status of animal experiments of acupuncture in intervening chronic fatigue syndrome, so as to search formethods to improve the quality of animal experiment reports.

Methods: From the databases, such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library, the literature of animal experiment on acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome was searched from January 1, 2011 to April 2, 2022. Data were extracted according to the animal research reporting experiment (ARRIVE) guidelines 2.

Light People: Professor Martin Booth spoke about adaptive optics and its applications.

Adaptive optics (AO), a technique originally introduced by astronomers to correct for optical distortions when looking at distant stars, now benefits the entire optics and photonics society. Prof. Martin Booth, who leads his research lab at the University of Oxford where he started his career, was one of the first people to take advantage of AO for microscopy.

Generalised adaptive optics method for high-NA aberration-free refocusing in refractive-index-mismatched media.

Phase aberrations are introduced when focusing by a high-numerical aperture (NA) objective lens into refractive-index-mismatched (RIM) media. The axial focus position in these media can be adjusted through either optical remote-focusing or mechanical stage translation. Despite the wide interest in remote-focusing, no generalised control algorithm using Zernike polynomials has been presented that performs independent remote-focusing and RIM correction in combination with mechanical stage translation.

Extended range and aberration-free autofocusing via remote focusing and sequence-dependent learning.

Rapid autofocusing over long distances is critical for tracking 3D topological variations and sample motion in real time. Taking advantage of a deformable mirror and Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, remote focusing can permit fast axial scanning with simultaneous correction of system-induced aberrations. Here, we report an autofocusing technique that combines remote focusing with sequence-dependent learning via a bidirectional long short term memory network.

Compact and contactless reflectance confocal microscope for neurosurgery.

Visual guidance at the cellular level during neurosurgical procedures is essential for complete tumour resection. We present a compact reflectance confocal microscope with a 20 mm working distance that provided <1.2 µm spatial resolution over a 600 µm × 600 µm field of view in the near-infrared region.

Resistance risk assessment for Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor.

Background: Pydiflumetofen is a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor currently undergoing the process of registration in China for the control of Fusarium head blight in wheat. A resistance risk assessment of Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen was undertaken in this study.

Results: A total of 75 pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants were generated through spontaneous selection and displayed high resistance with an average resistance factor (RF) value of 78.

High-Precision Indoor Visible Light Positioning Using Modified Momentum Back Propagation Neural Network with Sparse Training Point.

In this letter, we propose an indoor visible light positioning technique using a Modified Momentum Back-Propagation (MMBP) algorithm based on received signal strength (RSS) with sparse training data set. Unlike other neural network algorithms that require a large number of training data points to locate accurately, we have realized high-precision positioning for 100 test points with only 20 training points in a 1.8 m × 1.

25 mJ, 5 KHz, 3 ns, Nd:YAG discrete path slab amplifier using a hybrid resonator.

We report what we believe to be potential improved performance for a Nd:YAG discrete path slab amplifier configuration based on a hybrid resonator system. The amplifier is driven by a Q-switched 0.3 mJ nanosecond oscillator that generates an initial laser pulse at a repetition rate of 5 KHz and has beam quality of M<1.