Smoked, smokeless, and poly-tobacco use during pregnancy in relation to infant mortality in Cambodia: Findings from a nationwide sample.

Introduction: Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes. In contrast, maternal smokeless tobacco use (i.e.

[Effects of Straw and Biochar Amendments on Characteristics of Soil Fungal Community and Organic Carbon Pool in Garden].

In order to elucidate the changes in the soil fungal community and soil organic carbon components of a garden after straw and biochar application, we measured the organic carbon components and soil fungal community of the 0-15 cm soil layer in a garden, which was divided into a control group, straw treatment group, and biochar treatment group. The carbon pool management index （CPMI） was also calculated. The results showed that the diversity of the soil fungal community was decreased after straw and biochar application, and the structure of dominant fungal genera was changed in each treatment.

-Indole-Substituted Imidazolylidene Pd-PEPPSI Precatalysts: Enhanced Performance with a 3,5-Diisopropyl-4-indolyl Moiety.

Pd-PEPPSI complexes of -(4-indolyl)-'-phenylimidazol-2-ylidene (IIn) ligands with a 5-isopropyl-4-indolyl moiety are synthesized and evaluated in heteroarene C-H arylation, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, and Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions. The IIn-Pd complex bearing a 3,5-diisopropyl-4-indolyl substituent () exhibits the best catalytic activity in this series and substantially outperforms commercial precatalyst PEPPSI-Pd-IPr. The results also suggest that the alkyl group at position 3 of the 4-indolyl moiety shows stronger impacts than that at position 5.

Pre-left ventricular assist device endoscopic evaluation does not reduce the risk of later gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter study.

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common complication after placement of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Some institutions attempt to mitigate post-LVAD GIB using preoperative endoscopy. Our study evaluated whether preoperative endoscopy was associated with a lower risk of post-LVAD GIB.

The Role of Pyroptosis in Coronary Heart Disease.

The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, of which coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant cardiovascular burden, are on the rise. Pyroptosis as an incipient programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes can sense cytoplasmic contamination or interference and is typically marked by intracellular swelling, plasma membrane blistering and intense inflammatory cytokine release. As research on pyroptosis continues to progress, there is mounting evidence that pyroptosis is a vital participant in the pathophysiological basis of CHD.

Design and Optimization of Thin-Walled Main Support Structure for Space Camera Based on Additive Manufacturing.

In order to solve the design requirements of high stiffness and lightweight for the primary support structure of a wide-field auroral imager, we propose a solution for designing and optimizing a large-scale complex thin-walled structure using additive manufacturing. Firstly, we devise an integrated thin-walled structure and test material for the main support. Secondly, shape optimization is achieved via the optimization of the lateral slope angle of the primary support based on Timoshenko cantilever beam theory.

TE/TM mode electro-optic conversion based on a titanium diffusion lithium niobate waveguide with a polarization-maintained fiber structure.

For the development of photonic integrated circuits and lithium niobate ( , LN) optical waveguide technology, the implementation and application of polarization devices based on LN are also becoming more widespread, where titanium (Ti)-diffused LN waveguides form the basis of many important electro-optic (EO) integrated optical devices. Moreover, utilizing polarization conversion has the potential to enhance both the effectiveness and capacity of optical transmission. Thus, we have presented an EO polarization mode converter packaging with PANDA polarization-maintaining optical fibers (PMFs) in the broadband wavelength range (1440-1620 nm) to obtain the multiwavelength modulation, featuring the wavelength tunability.

Ligand-Oxidation-Based Anodic Synthesis of Oriented Films of Conductive M-Catecholate Metal-Organic Frameworks with Controllable Thickness.

Effective control over the crystallization of metal-organic framework (MOF) films is of great importance not only for the performance study and optimization in related applications but also for the fundamental understanding of the involved reticular chemistry. Featuring many technological advantages, electrochemical synthesis has been extensively reported for many MOF materials but is still challenged by the production of dense oriented films with a large-range tuning of thickness. Here, we report a ligand-oxidation-based anodic strategy capable of synthesizing oriented films of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conductive M-catecholate MOFs (2D Cu(HHTP), 2D Zn(HHTP), 2D Co(HHTP), 3D YbHHTP, and 2D CuTBA) with tunable thicknesses up to tens of micrometers on commonly used electrodes.

Outcomes and Resource Utilization in Liver Transplant Recipients Who Underwent Expedited Transplant Evaluation.

Background: Expedited liver transplant evaluations of critically ill patients can be challenging due to limited time for data gathering and psychosocial evaluation.

Aims: To compare clinical outcomes between expedited and traditional transplant evaluation patients and assess for differences in outpatient resource utilization and staff burden between groups.

Design: Adult liver transplant recipients who underwent transplant from 2015 to 2019 were included.

Anesthesia care provider sedation versus conscious sedation for endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition: a retrospective cohort study.

Background/aims: We aimed to study the effects of sedation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study evaluating the role of sedation in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition by comparing two groups: anesthesia care provider (ACP) sedation and endoscopist-directed conscious sedation (CS).

Results: Technical success was achieved in 219/233 (94.

Prospective Assessment of Social Determinants of Health and Length of Stay Among Emergency General Surgery and Trauma Patients.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) including insurance and substance use affect 50-90% of health outcomes, yet there remains no standard means to quantify or predict their impact. We prospectively evaluated the effects of SDOH on length of stay (LOS) and readmissions among emergency general surgery (EGS) and trauma patients. We compared these outcomes with Medicare Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) data to better quantify the impact of SDOH.

Coma Recovery Scale-Revised Predicts Disability Rating Scale in Acute Rehabilitation of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To explore the prognostic value of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) in predicting disability outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury using the Disability Rating Scale (DRS).

Design: Secondary analysis including linear and logistic regressions were performed.

Setting: Data were collected in a previous clinical trial.

Automating Anesthesiology Resident Case Logs Reduces Reporting Variability.

Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log system for anesthesiology resident training relies on subjective categorization of surgical procedures and lacks clear guidelines for assigning credit roles. Therefore, resident reporting practices likely vary within and between institutions. Our primary aim was to develop a systematic process for generating automated case logs using data elements extracted from the electronic health care record.

Catheter Ablation Versus Medical Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Heart failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: The optimal treatments for atrial fibrillation in heart failure patients are controversial. The present study compared the efficacy of catheter ablation and medical therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure.

Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched until January 15, 2022.

Fixed complex electrograms during sinus rhythm and local pacing: potential ablation targets for persistent atrial fibrillation.

In atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, complex electrograms during sinus rhythm (C-EGMs) could be pathological or not. We aimed to demonstrate whether local pacing was helpful to discern pathological C-EGMs. 126 persistent AF patients and 27 patients with left-side accessory pathway (LAP) underwent left atrial mapping during sinus rhythm.

Cumulative summation analysis of learning curve for robotic-assisted hiatal hernia repairs.

Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RALS) is evolving as an important surgical approach in the field of general surgery. We aimed to evaluate the learning curve for RALS procedures involving repair of hiatal hernias.

Methods: A series of robotic-assisted hiatal hernia (HH) repairs were performed between 2013 and 2017 by a surgeon at a single institution.

Effect of Musk Tongxin Dropping Pill on Myocardial Remodeling and Microcirculation Dysfunction in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.

Objective: To explore the effect of Musk Tongxin Dropping Pill (MTDP) on myocardial remodeling and microcirculation dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (control group,  = 10), DCM model group (DCM group,  = 10), DCM model + pioglitazone group (DCM + PLZ group,  = 10), and DCM model + MTDP group (DCM + MTDP group,  = 10). An intraperitoneal single injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was used to establish rat model of DCM and the rats in control group were treated with the same dose of sodium citrate buffer solution.

Real world outcomes of combination and timing of immunotherapy with radiotherapy for melanoma with brain metastases.

Introduction: Immunotherapy (IT) and radiotherapy (RT) have improved overall survival in patients with melanoma with brain metastasis (MBM). We examined the real-world survival impact of IT and RT combination and timing strategies.

Materials And Methods: From the facility-based National Cancer Database (NCDB) data set, 3008 cases of MBM were identified between 2011 and 2015.

Resveratrol prevents TNF--induced VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 upregulation in endothelial progenitor cells via reduction of NF-B activation.

Objective: To assess the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on expression of adhesion molecules in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation.

Methods: EPCs were treated with RSV and stimulated with TNF-α. A mononuclear cell (MNC) adhesion assay was used to assess the effects of RSV on TNF-α-induced MNC adhesion.

The Role of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction on preventing contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: A total of 256 patients undergoing selective PCI for coronary artery disease were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: Group A ( = 126) and Group B ( = 130). Before and after PCI, all patients routinely received antiplatelet aggregation therapy, antilipidemic therapy, and hydration therapy.

Chest CT for detecting COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: The purpose of this article was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the diagnostic test accuracy of chest CT for detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched up to March 12, 2020. We included studies providing information regarding diagnostic test accuracy of chest CT for COVID-19 detection.

Evaluating the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone-moxifloxacin during cataract surgery on central macular edema in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide-moxifloxacin at the time of cataract surgery on central macular edema in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy.

Setting: Loma Linda University Eye Institute, California, USA.

Design: Retrospective observational clinical study.

Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in December 2019 and triggered a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). We aimed to find risk factors for the progression of COVID-19 to help reducing the risk of critical illness and death for clinical help.

Methods: The data of COVID-19 patients until March 20, 2020 were retrieved from four databases.