A Quantitative Study of the Halogenophilic Nucleophilic Substitution (S2X) Reaction and Chalcogenophilic Nucleophilic Substitution (S2Ch) Reaction.

Halogenophilic nucleophilic substitution (S2X) has a distinctly different reaction pathway compared to the bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (S2), but they can lead to the same reaction product. However, their differences can be distinguished by studying stereoselective reactions in which both reaction pathways are possible. Herein, we utilize the stereospecific nature of S2 and the presence of a pro-chiral anion intermediate in S2X to conduct a quantitative study in which both S2 and S2X reactions exist.

Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) crotonylation assists in mitochondria-ER contact to alleviate hepatic steatosis.

Background & Aims: Crotonylation (Kcr), a newly identified post-translation modification (PTM), has been confirmed to be involved in diverse biological processes and human diseases as well. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) poses a serious threat to people's health. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is an important liver regulatory protein, and the insufficiency of ALR expression is reported to accelerate liver steatosis progression to liver fibrosis or even hepatic carcinoma (HCC).

Fault Diagnosis Method for Converter Stations Based on Fault Area Identification and Evidence Information Fusion.

DC converter stations have a high voltage level, a long transmission distance, and complex internal equipment, and contain power electronic devices, which seriously endanger the stable operation of the system itself and the active distribution network at the receiving end when faults occur. Accurate fault analysis and diagnosis are critical to the safe and stable operation of power systems. Traditional fault diagnosis methods often rely on a single source of information, leading to issues such as insufficient information utilization and incomplete diagnostic scope when applied to DC transmission systems.

Understanding molecular-level reactions between permanganate/ferrate and dissolved effluent organic matter from municipal secondary effluent.

Permanganate (Mn(VII)) and ferrate ((Fe(VI)) oxidations are well-recognized as advanced treatment processes to degrade organic components detected in secondary effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, Mn(VII) or Fe(VI) reactions are sensitive to the water matrix components, especially the dissolved effluent organic matter (EfOM) contained in secondary effluent. Here, we found that Mn(VII) or Fe(VI) hardly mineralize EfOM, but do change its molecular-level composition.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis deciphers adipocyte-to-fibroblast transformation in bleomycin-induced murine skin fibrosis.

Background: Scleroderma is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, predominantly occurring in the skin and extending to various parts of the body. The pathophysiology of scleroderma is multifaceted, with the current understanding including endothelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibroblast activation in its progression. Nonetheless, the mechanism of cellular interactions and the precise spatial distribution of these cellular events within the fibrotic tissues remain elusive, highlighting a critical gap in our comprehensive understanding of scleroderma's pathogenesis.

Adipose-derived stem cells transplantation improves survival and alleviates contraction of skin grafts via promoting macrophages M2 polarization.

Background: Full-thickness skin grafts are widely used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The main limitation of skin grafting is the poor textural durability and associated contracture, which often needs further corrective surgery. Excessive inflammation is the main reason for skin graft contractions, which involve overactivation of myofibroblasts.

The effects of drag models and operating condition on the simulation of photocatalytic degradation of pesticides in a fluidized bed reactor.

Fluidized bed reactor can enhance mass transfer and increase reaction rate. Numerical simulation helps to optimize fluidized bed reactors. The present paper models the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid in a fluidized bed reactor using the Eulerian-Eulerian model.

Cr-Substituted SrCoO Perovskite with Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for High-Energy and Durable Low-Temperature Antifreezing Flexible Supercapacitor.

Developing high-performance electrodes for flexible antifreezing energy storage devices has been a significant challenge with the increasing demand for portable components. In this work, Cr-substituted SrCoO perovskites were first proposed as potential low-temperature supercapacitor electrode materials. The high-valence Cr ([Ne]3s3p) substitution favors a high-spin state of Co ions with enhanced electronic repulsion effect, ultimately forming a stable cubic structure with high conductivity.

Construction of chitosan/alginate aerogels with three-dimensional hierarchical pore network structure via hydrogen bonding dissolution and covalent crosslinking synergistic strategy for thermal management systems.

To replace traditional petrochemical-based thermal insulation materials, in this work, the chitosan (CHI)/alginate (ALG) (CA) aerogels with three-dimensional hierarchical pore network structure were constructed by compositing CHI and ALG using a synergistic strategy of hydrogen bonding dissolution and covalent crosslinking. The structure and properties were further regulated by crosslinking the CA aerogels with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The CA aerogels exhibited various forms of covalent crosslinking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, with hydrogen bonding content reaching 79.

Minimally-invasive implantable device enhances brain cancer suppression.

Current brain tumor treatments are limited by the skull and BBB, leading to poor prognosis and short survival for glioma patients. We introduce a novel minimally-invasive brain tumor suppression (MIBTS) device combining personalized intracranial electric field therapy with in-situ chemotherapeutic coating. The core of our MIBTS technique is a wireless-ultrasound-powered, chip-sized, lightweight device with all functional circuits encapsulated in a small but efficient "Swiss-roll" structure, guaranteeing enhanced energy conversion while requiring tiny implantation windows ( ~ 3 × 5 mm), which favors broad consumers acceptance and easy-to-use of the device.

Development of a Method for Soil Tilth Quality Evaluation from Crumbling Roller Baskets Using Deep Machine Learning Models.

A combination tillage with disks, rippers, and roller baskets allows the loosening of compacted soils and the crumbling of soil clods. Statistical methods for evaluating the soil tilth quality of combination tillage are limited. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data and machine learning models (Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Neural Network (NN)) are proposed to investigate roller basket pressure settings on soil tilth quality.

Mechanical stretch preconditioned adipose-derived stem cells elicit polarization of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages and improve chronic wound healing.

Transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) is a promising option in the field of chronic wounds treatment. However, the effectiveness of ASCs therapies has been hampered by highly inflammatory environment in chronic wound areas. These problems could be partially circumvented using efficient approaches that boost the survival and anti-inflammatory capacity of transplanted ASCs.

Aspiration of thrombus for intermediate-risk subacute pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary embolism is the most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. Konstantinides (Eur Heart J 41(4):543-603, 2020) Current guidelines categorize patients with PE as being at low, intermediate, and high risk of early death, with the intermediate-risk group experiencing the greatest uncertainty regarding treatment recommendations. Rapid reduction of the thrombus load by thrombolysis significantly reduces symptoms and decreases mortality, but is accompanied by a high risk of bleeding.

DeepKa Web Server: High-Throughput Protein p Prediction.

DeepKa is a deep-learning-based protein p predictor proposed in our previous work. In this study, a web server was developed that enables online protein p prediction driven by DeepKa. The web server provides a user-friendly interface where a single step of entering a valid PDB code or uploading a PDB format file is required to submit a job.

Unlocking the potential of senescence-related gene signature as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in sepsis: insights from meta-analyses, single-cell RNA sequencing, and experiments.

Cellular senescence is closely associated with the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of senescence-related genes remain unclear. In this study, 866 senescence-related genes were collected from CellAge.

Mechanical stiffness promotes skin fibrosis via Piezo1-Wnt2/Wnt11-CCL24 positive feedback loop.

Skin fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) caused by fibrotic disorders of the skin. In recent years, ECM stiffness has emerged as a prominent mechanical cue that precedes skin fibrosis and drives its progression by promoting fibroblasts activation. However, how stiffness influences fibroblasts activation for skin fibrosis progression remains unknown.

Temperature-Dependent Electrochemical Performance of Ta-Substituted SrCoO Perovskite for Supercapacitors.

Developing new electrode materials with good temperature-dependent electrochemical performance has become a great issue for the deployment of hybrid supercapacitors with wide temperature tolerance. In this work, a series of Ta-substituted SrCo Ta O (x=0.05, 0.

Mechanical stiffness promotes skin fibrosis through FAPα-AKT signaling pathway.

Background: Myofibroblasts contribute to the excessive production, remodeling and cross-linking of the extracellular matrix that characterizes the progression of skin fibrosis. An important insight into the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis has been the discovery that increased matrix stiffness during fibrosis progression is involved in myofibroblast activation. However, mechanistic basis for this phenomenon remains elusive.

In-situ growth of zinc sulfide on the surface of alginate-based biomass carbon: A new material for removing methylene blue/basic fuchsin and copper ions.

This work aims to prepare a composite adsorbent with a fixed shape to improve the performance of carbon materials and to solve the problem of adsorbent in powder form which is difficult to recycle after use. The BC-ZnS composite system was successfully prepared by hydrothermal method based on the preparation of biomass carbon (BC) using alginate (Alg), while the ZnS component was grown in-situ on the surface of BC. The effects of Alg, Zn source, hydrothermal temperature and time on the synthesis of BC-ZnS were explored, the results indicated that ZnS was successfully grown in-situ on the BC surface, while the BC maintained its original morphology.

Flexible All-Solid-State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on PPy-Decorated SrFeO Perovskites on Carbon Cloth.

The defective structure and high oxygen vacancy concentration of SrFeO perovskite enable fast ion-electron transport, but its low conductivity still hinders the high electrochemical performance. Herein, to enhance the conductivity of SrFeO-based electrodes, polypyrrole-modified SrFeO perovskite on carbon cloth (PPy@SFO@CC) has been successfully fabricated by electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy) on the surface of SFO@CC. The optimal PPy700@SFO@CC electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 421 F g at 1 A g.

Dynamics of cutaneous atmospheric oxygen uptake in response to mechanical stretch revealed by optical fiber microsensor.

Skin expands and regenerates in response to mechanical stretch. This important homeostasis process is critical for skin biology and can be exploited to generate extra skin for reconstructive surgery. Atmospheric oxygen uptake is important in skin homeostasis.

Molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers - doped sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol porous xerogel for methylene blue and copper ion adsorption.

In order to improve the adsorption performance of MoS, as well as to solve the problems of MoS-powder in adsorption, which is prone to agglomeration and difficulty to be recycled, we prepared MoS-nanoflowers(MoS-NFs), and mixed them with sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol(SA/PVA) to prepare MoS-NFs/SA/PVA xerogel(MSP) by freezing-lyophilization. Then two forms of xerogels - block-MSP(MSPB) and spherical-MSP(MSPS) were prepared, and they were used as methylene blue(MB) and Cu adsorbent. It was found that MoS-NFs were evenly dispersed inside the SA/PVA with no agglomeration, while the interior of MSPB/MSPS showed the structure of parallel-pores and radial-pores, respectively.