Targeted Delivery of α-ketoglutarate to Macrophages in Bone: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Improving Fracture Healing in Type 2 Diabetes.

Impaired fracture healing is a common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with limited effective treatments. This study investigates the role of macrophages in bone repair and introduces a novel therapeutic strategy. Reduced glutaminase (GLS) expression and glutaminolysis are found in macrophages from T2DM mice and monocytes from T2DM patients.

Chikusetsu saponin IVa attenuates aging by improving autophagy and mitophagy.

Chikusetsu saponin IVa (CHS) is an essential active triterpenoid saponin found in various medicinal herbs, such as Aralia taibaiensis, Panax japonicus, and Aralia elata. While multiple health benefits have been documented, the effect of CHS on aging remains unclear. By employing the D-galactose-induced aging mice and the replicative senescence of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as the aging models, we found that CHS significantly attenuated aging both in vitro and in vivo.

PhAN2 regulated Ph3GT silencing changes the flower color and anthocyanin content in petunias.

Anthocyanins are important secondary metabolites in plants. After the formation of anthocyanidins, Flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (3GT) mediated glycosylation first occurs at the C-3 site, forming a stable anthocyanin 3-O-glucoside. Several studies have investigated the function of 3GT using biochemical methods.

Effects of Vitamin C on the Gonad Growth, Texture Traits, Collagen Content and Synthesis Related Gene Expression of Sea Urchin ().

The market value of sea urchin gonads is determined by the specific characteristics associated with gonad size and texture. Formulated feeds can effectively promote the gonad growth of sea urchins but cannot assure essential gonad texture traits. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of vitamin C (VC) on the gonad growth, texture, collagen content, and the expression of genes involved in the collagen synthesis of sea urchins ().

Relationship between creatinine-cystatin C ratio and all-cause mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A prospective study in China.

Background: This study was conducted to investigate whether baseline creatinine-cystatin C ratio is associated with all-cause mortality in adult Chinese patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019.

Methods: This study included 933 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University between December 2022 and March 2023. All-cause mortality was determined by telephone follow-up after 28 days.

Refining silicon nitride waveguide quality through femtosecond laser annealing.

We present a method for modification of silicon nitride (SiN) waveguide resonators using femtosecond laser annealing. The quality (Q) factor of the waveguide resonators can be improved by approximately 1.3 times after annealing.

ONC206 targeting ClpP induces mitochondrial dysfunction and protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer, accounting for approximately 90 % of all cases. ONC201, a member of the imipridone drug family, has shown promising therapeutic potential and a good safety profile in both malignant pediatric central nervous system tumors (diffuse midline glioma [DMG]) and hematologic malignancies. ONC206 is a more potent analog of ONC201.

Mendelian randomization study highlights hypothyroidism as a causal determinant of alopecia areata.

Background: Although observational studies have found an association between hypothyroidism and alopecia areata, the causality of this relationship remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the genetic variants associated with hypothyroidism and their potential impact on the risk of developing alopecia areata.

Methods: genome-wide association study summary statistics for hypothyroidism (30,155 cases and 379,986 controls) and alopecia areata (289 cases and 211,139 controls) were obtained from the IEU OpenGwas project.

Detection of Entangled States Supported by Reinforcement Learning.

Discrimination of entangled states is an important element of quantum-enhanced metrology. This typically requires low-noise detection technology. Such a challenge can be circumvented by introducing nonlinear readout process.

CD58 acts as a tumor promotor in hepatocellular carcinoma via activating the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide because of rapid progression and high incidence of metastasis or recurrence. Accumulating evidence shows that CD58-expressing tumor cell is implicated in development of various cancers. The present study aimed to reveal the functional significance of CD58 in HCC progression and the underlying mechanisms.

The multifaceted role of placental growth factor in the pathogenesis and progression of bronchial asthma and pulmonary fibrosis: Therapeutic implications.

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a glycosylated dimeric protein that is homologous to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). PlGF expression is upregulated in patients with bronchial asthma, suggesting that it plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR).

Elevated branched-chain amino acid promotes atherosclerosis progression by enhancing mitochondrial-to-nuclear HO-disulfide HMGB1 in macrophages.

As the essential amino acids, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) from diets is indispensable for health. BCAA supplementation is often recommended for patients with consumptive diseases or healthy people who exercise regularly. Latest studies and ours reported that elevated BCAA level was positively correlated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, thrombosis and heart failure.

Mitochondria-derived HO triggers liver regeneration via FoxO3a signaling pathway after partial hepatectomy in mice.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce oxidative injury and are generally regarded as toxic byproducts, although they are increasingly recognized for their signaling functions. Increased ROS often accompanies liver regeneration (LR) after liver injuries, however, their role in LR and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, by employing a mouse LR model of partial hepatectomy (PHx), we found that PHx induced rapid increases of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (HO) and intracellular HO at an early stage, using a mitochondria-specific probe.

Lenvatinib inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion through regulating the transcription and ubiquitination of UHRF1 and DNMT1.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of malignancy-related deaths. Lenvatinib, as a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has gained increasing attention for its antitumor activity. However, the effect and mechanisms of Lenvatinib on HCC metastasis are virtually unknown.

PhAAT1, encoding an anthocyanin acyltransferase, is transcriptionally regulated by PhAN2 in petunia.

Anthocyanins widely exist in plants and they are important pigments for color of petals and fruits. They are produced through a multi-step pathway controlled by transcription factor complexes. The anthocyanin skeleton modification is the last reaction in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, which improves the stability of anthocyanins.

Calcium ion removal at different sodium chloride concentrations by free and immobilized halophilic bacteria.

Much attention has been paid to Ca ion removal by biomineralization due to the dangers of Ca on industrial processes and human health. However, Ca removal from hypersaline water by biomineralization is quite difficult due to there being few halophilic bacteria tolerating higher salinities. In this study, free and immobilized Virgibacillus massiliensis C halophilic bacteria exhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity were used to remove Ca ions from water at different NaCl concentrations.

Ph5GT silencing alters flower color and flavonoids metabolome profile in petunia.

Anthocyanins are important pigments in plants and glycosylation plays an important role in the stability of anthocyanins. Anthocyanin 5-O-glucosyltransferase (5GT) can glycosylate anthocyanin at the 5-O-position. Till now, the enzymatic activity characteristics of 5GT had been studied in vitro in a variety of plants.

Correction: Enhanced photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots in the presence of both energy transfer enhancement and emission enhancement mechanisms assisted by the double plasmon modes of gold nanorods.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00287B.].

PhRHMs play important roles in leaf and flower development and anthocyanin synthesis in petunia.

Anthocyanins, vital metabolites in plants, are formed by anthocyanidins combined with various monosaccharides, including glucose, rhamnose, and arabinose. Rhamnose contributes greatly to the glycosylation of anthocyanidins. There are two kinds of rhamnose synthase (RS): rhamnose biosynthesis (RHM), and nucleotide-RS/epimerase-reductase (UER1).

Negative impacts of human disturbances on the seed bank of subalpine forests are offset by climatic factors.

Precipitation and temperature in the subalpine region have increased dramatically in recent decades due to global warming, and human disturbances have continued to impact the vegetation in the region. Seed bank plays an important role in population recovery, but there are few studies on the synergistic effects of human disturbances and climate change on seed bank. We analyzed the synergistic effects of human disturbances and climate change on seed bank samples from 20 sites in the subalpine coniferous forest region using grazing and logging as the disturbance intensity gradient and precipitation and temperature as climate variables.

Enhanced photoluminescence of silicon quantum dots in the presence of both energy transfer enhancement and emission enhancement mechanisms assisted by the double plasmon modes of gold nanorods.

We propose a scheme utilizing the double plasmon modes of gold nanorods (GNRs) to efficiently increase the Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) efficiency and enhance the photoluminescence (PL) of Si quantum dots (Si QDs) nearby. Detailed PL and decay dynamics studies are performed for the hybrid nanostructures composed of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with a Si QD-absorbed silica shell. Plasmon enhanced FRET between Si QDs has been observed and proposed as the third enhancement mechanism for the plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence in addition to excitation enhancement and emission enhancement mechanisms.

Faster State Preparation across Quantum Phase Transition Assisted by Reinforcement Learning.

An energy gap develops near quantum critical point of quantum phase transition in a finite many-body (MB) system, facilitating the ground state transformation by adiabatic parameter change. In real application scenarios, however, the efficacy for such a protocol is compromised by the need to balance finite system lifetime with adiabaticity, as exemplified in a recent experiment that prepares three-mode balanced Dicke state near deterministically [Y.-Q.