Plasma pQTL and brain eQTL integration identifies PNKP as a therapeutic target and reveals mechanistic insights into migraine pathophysiology.

Background: Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting 14.1% of the global population. Despite advances in genetic research, further investigation is needed to identify therapeutic targets and better understand its mechanisms.

TGF-β signaling promotes eosinophil activation in inflammatory responses.

Eosinophils, traditionally associated with allergic phenomena, play a pivotal role in inflammatory responses. Despite accumulating evidence suggesting their pro-inflammatory function upon activation, the underlying mechanisms governing eosinophil activation remain incompletely characterized. In this study, we investigate the local activation of pulmonary and colon eosinophils within the inflammatory microenvironment.

Macrophage Extracellular Traps Suppress Particulate Matter-Induced Airway Inflammation.

Accumulating evidence has substantiated the potential of ambient particulate matter (PM) to elicit detrimental health consequences in the respiratory system, notably airway inflammation. Macrophages, a pivotal component of the innate immune system, assume a crucial function in responding to exogenous agents. However, the roles and detailed mechanisms in regulating PM-induced airway inflammation remain unclear.

Multiple visual items can be simultaneously compared with target templates in memory.

When we search for something, we often rely on both what we see and what we remember. This process can be divided into three stages: selecting items, identifying those items, and comparing them with what we are trying to find in our memory. It has been suggested that we select items one by one, and we can identify several items at once.

Rapamycin Exacerbates Pneumonia by Inhibiting mTOR-RPS6 in Macrophages.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the effect of Rapamycin (Rapa) in () pneumonia and clarify its possible mechanism.

Methods: We investigated the effects of Rapa on pneumonia in mouse models and in macrophages cultured in vitro. Two possible mechanisms were investigated: the mTOR-RPS6 pathway phosphorylation and phagocytosis.

A study on the correlation of the asymmetric regulation between the periaqueductal gray and the bilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis in migraine male rats.

Background: The study was designed to explore the correlation of the asymmetric regulation between periaqueductal gray (PAG) and bilateral trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) in migraine rats through studying the changes of metabolites in pain regulatory pathway of acute migraine attack.

Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: blank, control, model groups. Then, blank group was intraperitoneally injected with ultrapure water, while control group injected with saline and model group injected with Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN).

Visual Search May Not Require Target Representation in Working Memory or Long-Term Memory.

We spend a lot of time searching for things. If we know what we are looking for in advance, a memory representation of the target will be created to guide search. But if the identity of the search target is revealed simultaneously with the presentation of the search array, is a similar memory representation formed? In the present study, 96 observers determined whether a central target was present in a peripheral search array.

Flanker tasks based on congruency manipulation are biased measures of selective attention in perceptual load studies.

Flanker tasks based on a flanker-target congruency manipulation are widely used in perceptual load studies to investigate under what circumstances task-irrelevant flankers may be processed. An implicit assumption underlying the congruency manipulation is that the three types of flankers (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) attract attention homogeneously. However, in the present study, we provide evidence to demonstrate that this assumption is wrong: We discovered that incongruent/congruent flankers attracted more attention than the neutral flanker did.