Aerobic Copper-Catalyzed Oxysulfonylation of Vinylarenes with Sodium Sulfinates under Mild Conditions: A Modular Synthesis of β-Ketosulfones.

An aerobic copper-catalyzed oxysulfonylation of vinylarenes with sodium sulfinates is described. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, convenient operation, and broad substrate scope with respect to vinylarenes and sodium sulfinates. Notably, the protocol demonstrates excellent tolerance of functional groups such as chloro, bromo, ester, cyano, and nitro groups.

Nickel-Catalyzed Direct Sulfonylation of Styrenes and Unactivated Aliphatic Alkenes with Sulfonyl Chlorides.

A nickel-catalyzed direct sulfonylation of alkenes with sulfonyl chlorides has been developed using 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione as the ligand. Unactivated alkenes and styrenes including 1,1-, 1,2-disubstituted alkenes can be subjected to the protocol, and a wide range of vinyl sulfones was obtained in high to excellent yields with good functional group compatibility. Notably, the process did not allow the desulfonylation of sulfonyl chloride or chlorosulfonylation of alkenes.

The metacognitive experience of time passing in Chinese college students: scale development, structure verification, and influencing factors.

The experience of time passing (ETP) is also the consciousness of the progress of life. ETP contributes to time regulation and life management, which basically conforms to the metacognitive theory. Also, the traditional Chinese cultural approach to time emphasizes ETP.

BRASSINOSTEROID-SIGNALING KINASE1-1, a positive regulator of brassinosteroid signalling, modulates plant architecture and grain size in rice.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a crucial class of plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development, thus affecting many important agronomic traits in crops. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the BR signalling pathway in rice. In this study, we provide multiple lines of evidence to indicate that BR-SIGNALING KINASE1-1 (OsBSK1-1) likely represents a missing component in the BR signalling pathway in rice.

OsBSK3 Positively Regulates Grain Length and Weight by Inhibiting the Phosphatase Activity of OsPPKL1.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a crucial class of plant hormones that regulate many important agronomic traits in rice ( L.); thus, the BR signaling pathway is a very important tool for breeders to improve the grain yield and quantity of rice. Contrary to the well-established BR signaling pathway in , there are significant gaps in the rice BR signaling pathway, especially the regulation mechanism from OsBSK3 to OsPPKLs and OsGSKs.

Enhancing rice grain production by manipulating the naturally evolved cis-regulatory element-containing inverted repeat sequence of OsREM20.

Grain number per panicle (GNP) is an important agronomic trait that contributes to rice grain yield. Despite its importance in rice breeding, the molecular mechanism underlying GNP regulation remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified a previously unrecognized regulatory gene that controls GNP in rice, Oryza sativa REPRODUCTIVE MERISTEM 20 (OsREM20), which encodes a B3 domain transcription factor.

Detection of Clinically Relevant Genetic Variants in Chinese Patients With Nanophthalmos by Trio-Based Whole-Genome Sequencing Study.

Purpose: Nanophthalmos is a rare genetic disorder commonly characterized by a short axial length (AL) and severe hyperopia. Mutations that have been identified through Mendelian genetic analysis can only explain a fraction of nanophthalmic cases. We investigate the clinically relevant genetic variants in nanophthalmos by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), including de novo mutations (DNMs) and inherited mutations.

Anterior Segment Features in Nanophthalmos With Secondary Chronic Angle Closure Glaucoma: An Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Study.

Purpose: We compare anterior segment parameters and the risk of malignant glaucoma between nanophthalmos with secondary chronic angle closure glaucoma (NSCACG) and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CPACG).

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 32 NSCACG (32 eyes) and 36 CPACG (36 eyes) patients. Anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and width (ACW), pupil diameter (PD), lens vault (LV), ciliary process-ciliary process distance (CCD), angle opening distance500 (AOD500), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), trabecular-ciliary processes distance (TCPD), ciliary body max thickness (CBMT), iris convexity (IC), peripheral iris thickness (PIT), iris-zonule distance (IZD), trabecular ciliary process angle (TCPA), and anterior vault (AV), were measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Dual-wavelength digital holographic phase and fluorescence microscopy combining with Raman spectroscopy for micro-quartz pieces-based dual-channel encoded suspension array.

Dual-wavelength digital holographic phase and fluorescence microscopy (DW-DHPFM), combining with Raman spectroscopy, is designed to achieve the detection and analysis of biomolecules with a new dual-channel encoding method. This employs the Raman reporter molecules assembled micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) as microcarriers of suspension array (SA). The dual-wavelength digital holographic phase microscopy (DW-DHPM) and Raman spectroscopy are served as the decoding platforms, and the fluorescence microscopy is used to quantify target analytes.

GW5-Like, a homolog of GW5, negatively regulates grain width, weight and salt resistance in rice.

Grain size is an important determinant of yield potential in crops. We previously demonstrated that natural mutations in the regulatory sequences of qSW5/GW5 confer grain width diversity in rice. However, the biological function of a GW5 homolog, named GW5-Like (GW5L), remains unknown.

Long Noncoding RNA Lnc-SEMT Modulates IGF2 Expression by Sponging miR-125b to Promote Sheep Muscle Development and Growth.

Background/aims: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts that are more than 200 nt long but have little protein-coding potential. Within the last few years, thousands of lncRNAs have been identified and their functions in biological processes have begun to be understood. Although many studies havebegun to examine the functions of many noncoding RNAs, very little is known about the functions of long noncoding (lncRNA) function of livestock production and molecular mechanisms of their functions are still lackingrelated to livestock production.

A selfish genetic element confers non-Mendelian inheritance in rice.

Selfish genetic elements are pervasive in eukaryote genomes, but their role remains controversial. We show that , a major quantitative genetic locus for hybrid male sterility between wild rice () and Asian cultivated rice (), contains two tightly linked genes [ () and ]. encodes a toxic genetic element that aborts pollen in a sporophytic manner, whereas encodes an antidote that protects pollen in a gametophytic manner.

OsALMT7 Maintains Panicle Size and Grain Yield in Rice by Mediating Malate Transport.

Panicle size is a critical determinant of grain yield in rice () and other grain crops. During rice growth and development, spikelet abortion often occurs at either the top or the basal part of the panicle under unfavorable conditions, causing a reduction in fertile spikelet number and thus grain yield. In this study, we report the isolation and functional characterization of a panicle abortion mutant named ().

A bone-resorption surface-targeting nanoparticle to deliver anti-miR214 for osteoporosis therapy.

With increasing fracture risks due to fragility, osteoporosis is a global health problem threatening postmenopausal women. In these patients, osteoclasts play leading roles in bone loss and fracture. How to inhibit osteoclast activity is the key issue for osteoporosis treatment.

Nucleolin-targeted Extracellular Vesicles as a Versatile Platform for Biologics Delivery to Breast Cancer.

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)/microRNAs (miRNA) have promising therapeutic potential, yet their clinical application has been hampered by the lack of appropriate delivery systems. Herein, we employed extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a targeted delivery system for small RNAs. EVs are cell-derived small vesicles that participate in cell-to-cell communication for protein and RNA delivery.

GW5 acts in the brassinosteroid signalling pathway to regulate grain width and weight in rice.

Grain size is a major determinant of grain yield in cereal crops. qSW5/GW5, which exerts the greatest effect on rice grain width and weight, was fine-mapped to a 2,263-bp/21-kb genomic region containing a 1,212-bp deletion, respectively. Here, we show that a gene encoding a calmodulin binding protein, located ∼5 kb downstream of the 1,212-bp deletion, corresponds to qSW5/GW5.

Lnc-mg is a long non-coding RNA that promotes myogenesis.

Recent studies indicate important roles for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of myogenesis and adult skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the specific roles of lncRNAs in myogenic differentiation of adult skeletal muscle stem cells and myogenesis are still largely unknown. Here we identify a lncRNA that is specifically enriched in skeletal muscle (myogenesis-associated lncRNA, in short, lnc-mg).

Osteoblast-Targeting-Peptide Modified Nanoparticle for siRNA/microRNA Delivery.

Antiosteoporosis gene-based drug development strategies are presently focused on targeting osteoblasts to either suppress bone loss or increase bone mass. Although siRNA/microRNA-based gene therapy has enormous potential, it is severely limited by the lack of specific cell-targeting delivery systems. We report an osteoblast-targeting peptide (SDSSD) that selectively binds to osteoblasts via periostin.

MER3 is required for normal meiotic crossover formation, but not for presynaptic alignment in rice.

MER3, a ZMM protein, is required for the formation of crossovers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis. Here, MER3, the first identified ZMM gene in a monocot, is characterized by map-based cloning in rice (Oryza sativa). The null mutation of MER3 results in complete sterility without any vegetative defects.

Perforation of metastatic melanoma to the small bowel with simultaneous gastrointestinal stromal tumor.

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a common site of metastases for malignant melanoma. These metastatic tumors are often asymptomatic. We describe a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with a sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain.

Evolutionarily conserved ELOVL4 gene expression in the vertebrate retina.

Purpose: The gene elongation of very long chain fatty acids-4 (ELOVL4) has been shown to underlie phenotypically heterogeneous forms of autosomal dominant macular degeneration. In this study, the extent of evolutionary conservation and the existence and localization of retinal expression of this gene was investigated across a wide variety of species.

Methods: Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA and bioinformatic analysis using the human ELOVL4 cDNA and protein sequences, respectively, were performed to identify species in which ELOVL4 orthologues and/or homologues are present.

X-linked recessive atrophic macular degeneration from RPGR mutation.

We mapped a new X-linked recessive atrophic macular degeneration locus to Xp21.1-p11.4 and show allelic involvement of the gene RPGR, which normally causes severe peripheral retinal degeneration leading to global blindness.