Additive manufacturing technology in the development of easy to swallow and digest foods for the elderly.

The ageing of the population is a major challenge for the world. The elderly face a number of functional deteriorations in the body during the ageing process. Among these, swallowing and digestion are the two biggest challenges that elderly individuals face.

Untargeted metabolomics and PacBio analysis on bioactive components and microbial community in co-fermentation of black soldier fly larva.

Fermentation can enhance nutritional value and safety of insect protein, this study utilized probiotic Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and complex enzyme containing chitinase and protease to ferment the paste of Black Soldier Fly larva (BSFL), decomposing anti-nutritional factor chitin and protein in paste while inhibiting the proliferation of harmful microorganisms. The result indicated a 40 % degradation of chitin after fermentation, accompanied by an increase in the variety and quantity of amino acids and peptides, functional substances such as raffinose and cucurbitacin significantly increased, while the levels of antibiotics such as erythromycin and ofloxacin had decreased; after fermentation, there is a significant difference in the microbial distribution between bacteria, co-fermentation and CK, the indigenous microbiota of BSF and pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridiaceae bacteria were significantly inhibited, anaerobic bacteria, including Anaerosalibacter, Caldicoprobacter and Tissierella, exhibit a marked increase; significant changes are detected in the carbon sources, amino acids, and key enzymes related to other metabolic pathways of B.

Indirect prediction of the 3D printability of polysaccharide gels using multiple machine learning (ML) models.

In this paper, the capabilities of NIR spectroscopy and LF-NMR data were compared for rapidly predicting the rheological properties of polysaccharide gels and assessing their printability. Seven machine learning (ML) models were established for rheological property prediction based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN), one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and Transformer. The results showed that among the seven models, the SVR, BPANN, and 1D CNN models based on NIR spectroscopy effectively predicted the rheological parameters of polysaccharide gels, with the highest R in the prediction set reaching 0.

Oriented regulation of earthworm production and vermicompost quality by carbon bioavailability management.

Vermicomposting is an efficient bioconversion technology for recycling nutrients from organic waste materials. The biodegradability of raw materials has a significant impact on the earthworm transformation product. However, the management of carbon bioavailability is often overlooked during the vermicomposting process due to the varying degradability of C-rich source in different organic waste.

Numerical study of the plasmonic slab lens for improving direct-write nano lithography.

Plasmonic direct-write lithography (PDWL) provides a potential tool for the fabrication and manufacturing at the nano scale due to its high-resolution and low-cost. However, the shallow exposure depth hinders its practical application. Here, we incorporate the plasmonic slab lenses (PSLs) into PDWL to amplify and compensate evanescent waves, leading to improved light intensity, depth, resolution and better tolerance to the air gap beyond the near field optical lithography.

Accelerating the humification of mushroom waste by regulating nitrogen sources composition: Deciphering mechanism from bioavailability and molecular perspective.

Regulating nitrogen source composition is efficient approach to accelerate the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) composting process. However, currently, most traditional composting study only focuses on total C/N ratio of initial composting material. Rarely research concerns the effect of carbon or nitrogen components at different degradable level and their corresponding decomposed-substances on humification process.

Deciphering the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in thermophilic compost and vermicompost at the molecular level.

Studies on compost dissolved organic matter (DOM) previously focus on its composition and humification, without considering DOM bioavailability to understand compost fertility. To decipher the fertility basis of compost, DOM bioavailability in thermophilic compost (TC) and vermicompost (VC) was investigated and linked with its molecular composition. Results showed that DOM bioavailability of VC (36 % BDOC) was generally higher than that of TC (22 % BDOC) due to containing more tannin-like substances.

Scandium-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of α-Pyridinyl Tertiary Amino Acids and Esters.

α-Pyridyl tertiary amino acids have potential pharmaceutical applications because of their structural features. However, their synthesis is still highly limited. Herein, we report a straightforward approach for the electrochemical synthesis of tertiary α-substituted amino acid derivatives via three-component reductive coupling.

Improvement in the quality of frozen dough for fried flour products by electrostatic field-assisted freezing.

Background: With the development of the food industry, frozen dough technology has gradually become an indispensable part of dough processing but its quality is often reduced due to freezing during the production process. Electrostatic field-assisted freezing (EF) technology, a key research project in recent years, reduces the physical damage to food materials by reducing or changing the size of ice crystals in frozen products.

Results: In this study, different intensities of electrostatic fields were used to assist in the repeated freezing and thawing of dough.

Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community during pig manure, kitchen waste, and sewage sludge composting.

Organic solid wastes (OSWs) are important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Aerobic composting transforms OSWs into fertilizers. In this study, we investigated ARGs dynamics and their driving mechanisms in three OSW composts: pig manure (PM), kitchen waste (KC), and sewage sludge (SG).

Insight into humification of mushroom residues under addition of Rich-N sources: Comparing key molecular evolution processes using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D-FTIR-COS analysis.

Accelerating the humification of organic solid waste is one of the most important issues in composting. This present study aims to study and compare the humification process of different rich-N sources (chicken manure, cattle manure, and urea) addition during the composting of mushroom residues, from macro physicochemical properties to micro humic molecular structure evolution process. The physicochemical elements and humic components were determined for evaluating the compost quality and humification degree as composting proceed.

Effect of moisture content, aeration rate, and C/N on maturity and gaseous emissions during kitchen waste rapid composting.

To determine factors affecting compost maturity and gaseous emissions during the rapid composting of kitchen waste, an orthogonal test was conducted with three factors: moisture content (MC) (55%, 60%, 65%), aeration rate (AR) (0.3,0.6 and 0.

A novel technology for separating live earthworm from vermicompost: Experiment, mechanism analysis, and simulation.

The vermicomposting is widely acknowledged as an effective and sustainable biological technology to dispose large scale organic solid waste such as livestock manure, crop residues and municipal sludge. The scale of vermicomposting has constantly increased over recent years due to high market demand for live earthworms. Rapid and efficient extraction and harvesting earthworm from large-scale vermicompost has become a bottle-neck problem at the end of vermicomposting.

Enhancement of biogas production from rape straw using different co-pretreatment techniques and anaerobic co-digestion with cattle manure.

The present study investigated the possibility of valorizing rape straw through anaerobic digestion and the possibility of improving biomethane yield by pretreatment with HSO, combined HSO with steam explosion (SE) and SE combined with superfine grinding (SFG). To evaluate the pretreatment method efficiency, several analytical techniques were applied. Additionally, the performance of co-digesting of cattle manure (CM) with pretreated rape straw (PRS) at different ratios was evaluated.